Digital Signal Processing

The concept of digital signal processing has been widely used these days, as it has provided many benefits to the users with its capability of converting analog signals into digital signals to facilitate the process of transmission. The encoding techniques are available which were developed after a comprehensive research to support and enable the transmission of digital signals to meet the user requirements. Apart from that, the process of ramification of every signal into many frequency bands where ever band has been digitally encoded by itself is termed as sub-band coding. Furthermore, it is better to encode lower frequency band with more bits than the higher frequency bands because the lower frequencies hold most of the speech energy. Sub-band coding method is mainly used to solve this particular problem. This paper depicts the benefits and the importance of sub-band coding, as well as it explains the steps involved in performing sub-band coding.The method of sub-band coding has b een widely practiced for the purpose of transmitting digital signals. For efficient signal encoding this particular method has provided many benefits. Moreover, sub-band coding has also been used for many years in audio industry for high quality digital audio transmission. At first, there is only one signal available which is then subdivided in many numbers of smaller sub-bands where every single number composed of a fractioned spectral of the actual spectrum from that actual signal. This process of dividing signal into sub-band will further assist each band to be transformed through distinct number of bits for every sample, and further every single band is classified according to its step size. By performing the above process resulted in a finer signal quality (Proakis and Manolakis, 2007).After completing the above process, it will now be possible to encode every single band separately according to the following set of steps. The starting step of the digital signal processing is t o apply the filtering required for the signal, which might be a high pass or a low pass signal. The purpose of filtering is to avoid the noise linked with the signal. The frequency of noise associated with the signal can be high or low, depends upon the actual signal requirement. Apart from that, to reduce the sub-band sampling rates, filters are used to minimize the bit rate in the signal encoding process. This method helps to reduce the signal on every band from a factor of two in sampling rate, which suggests that every second sample must be taken from the signal in the process of digital signal processing (Crochiere, 1981).Furthermore, the above step can be elaborated as if the signal is x[0-6], the samples taken from this would be x[0], x[2], x[4], and x[6]. The major reason of sampling through this method is to make sure that the reduced number of samples which would be quantized based on the following phase, which makes the quantization step to be as efficient and as quick as possible.The next step includes the quantization of signal on each band. In this process of quantization involves quantization noise to all the bits that are going to be sampled. However, at the   receiving end, all those signals which are acquired from the process of quantization   are to be   sampled from the   factor of two. By doing this method if the input signal is x[0-6], the output signal would now results in x[0], x[2], x[4], x[6]. Through performing this step, the identical number of samples before down sampling would be obtained where every substitute sample was missing (Veldhuis, Breeuwer, and Van Der Wall, 1989).The following step in the process of sub-band coding is to apply filters on all signals located at every single band where every filter should be of similar type which are used in the previous steps. Moreover, all filters are now used to lessen the number of sub-band sampling rates. These signals already moved through the quantization and the up and dow n sampling stages which results in proper mode of decoding (Schaffer and Rabiner, 1973).The final step requires amalgamating the signals from many sub-bands to achieve the output signal and to produce an altered version of the input signal. The following equation shows that there is only one band available from the two bands that will move in the equivalent process.X1 (z) is the signal on the transmitting end, which was acquired after moving from the H1(z) also known as the high-pass filter which is:X1 (z)= x1 (0)+ x1 (1) z-1+ x1 (2) z-2+ x1 (3) z-3   Ã¢â‚¬ ¦_____ â€Å"1†X1 (-z)= x1 (0)- x1 (1) z-1+ x1 (2) z-2- x1 (3) z-3   Ã¢â‚¬ ¦_____ â€Å"1A†It is therefore proved that Z-transformed is actually a result of passing a high pass filter to the signal which is the actual input x[n]. X1 (z)= X (z) H1(z) _____ â€Å"2†The down sampling has been performed by the factor of two on the signal which is originally X1 (z) will now be presented by Y1(z) signal as show n in the following equation:Y1(z) = y1 (0)+ y1 (1) z-1+ y1 (2) z-2+ y1 (3) z-3 †¦_____ â€Å"3†Y1(z)   = x1 (0)+ x1 (2) z-1+ x1 (4) z-2+ †¦_____ â€Å"4†The equation â€Å"4† mentioned above, explains that the down sampling effect has removed every single alternate sample available.However, at the other end signals that were previously up sampled, will now be considered as U1(z) at which every single alternate sample is equal to zero value.U1(z) = u1 (0)+ u1 (1) z-1+ u1 (2) z-2+ u1 (3) z-3   Ã¢â‚¬ ¦U1(z) = y1 (0)+0+ y1 (1) z-2+ 0+y1 (2) z-4+ †¦U1(z) = y1 (0)+ y1 (1) z-2+ y1 (2) z-4+ †¦ from â€Å"4†Ã‚   U1(z)= Y1(z2)U1(z) = x1 (0)+ x1 (2) z-2+ x1 (4) z-4+ x1 (6) z-6 †¦U1(z) = (X1(z)+X1(-z))/2 = X(z) H1(z)+X(-z) H1(-z)/2__†5†Besides, the U1(z) signal now move towards the next high pass filter which is K1(z) which is positioned at the receiving point and specified as:V1(z)= U1(z) K1(z) =  ½ K1(z) [X(z) H1(z) )+X(-z ) H1(-z)] â€Å"6†Furthermore, the final output signal will now be created after each sub-band output is added which results in the subsequent equation:X_out(z)=V1(z)+ V2(z)X_out(z)=  ½ K1(z) [X(z) H1(z) )+X(-z) H1(-z)] +  ½ K2(z) [X(z) H2(z) )+X(-z) H2(-z)] .X_out(z)=    ½ [H2 (z) –H2 (-z)] X(z).When the final output is obtained, to make equation more expressive, it will now be altered into the frequency domain of w from the resulted Z domain, which will now be expressed in the following manner:X out(w)=  ½ [H2 (w)- H2 (w-p)] X(w).X out(w)= [e-jw(m-1) Hr2 (w) – e-j(m-1)(w-pi) Hr2 (w-p)] X(w).In the above equation, m represents that even number which measures the length of the filter.After completing the above procedure, the next phase requires experimentation which includes the implementation of sub-band coding that can be accomplished through two methods. The first method of experimentation is MATLAB, which requires the theory section to be followed from the same phases outlined. There is a file named as ‘subband.dat’ is provided from the input signal in this particular method. This file consists of many values which expresses the file regarding the capacity of the signal in a given time. Moreover, H2(z) was also given as the coefficients of the low pass filters (Croisier, 1974).It is also suggested that the high pass filters H1(z) are used with the low pass filters K2(z) which creates relationship among the filters explained below:H1(z) = H(z),   H2(z)= H(-z), K1(z)= 2H(z) and K2(z)= -2H(-z).Apart from that, there is one more value known as the SNR value that is required for the process of quantization where every single value of Q1 will be computed through the following equation:SNRdB=[ à ¥ xi(n)2 /   à ¥ (xi(n)- xo(n))2 ]. Where the limits of the summation is from n=0 to N-1.The next method for the implementation of the sub-band coding used is called C6711. It is a device that works as a converter and faci litate users in converting software implementations into the physical results. On the other hand, CRO is used on which the output will be connected for the verification of results. Moreover, the sine wave is also generated through connecting the frequency generator to the C6711 device (Rabiner and Gold, 1975).Finally, the results generated through MATLAB for the sub-ban coding reveals that before performing any find of modifications on the signal, it highly requires the plotting of input signal. Apart from that, result has also shown that the low pass and high pass filters of sub-bands were moved towards an intersection point which exactly equals to 0.5 rad/sample.The SNR values used in the process of quantization of distinct number of bits reached at a highest level of 16.5dB at the 5th bit. On the other hand, the SNR value has been calculated for 4 bit PCM system was almost 13.2dB. The value suggests that there is a 0.5dB variation from the value computed at the forth bit which is 12.7 dB and is acceptable after the comparison. However, the resulted output signal appeared on the CRO is quite similar to the input signal which explains that as the frequency increases the output signal will move towards zero (Kuester and Mize, 1973).After reviewing the whole process, it is concluded that the sub-band coding is a method to encode the input signal successfully with maximum efficiency. The two methods used in the process known as MATLAB and C6711 endorse the theory presented in the preceding sections which are considered as valid and reliable.

Duality in Psycho 1960 Essay

Psycho is a 1960 horror film directed by Alfred Hitchcock starring Anthony Perkins, Janet Leigh, Vera Miles and John Gavin. The film is based on the 1959 novel of the same name by Robert Bloch. The main theme that Hitchcock tries to express to the audience is dual or split personalities. Everyone has a subconscious battle with good and evil; he shows this in many different ways using lighting, different camera techniques, mise-en-scene and silence. Also he used a string orchestra to add tension and drama as well as setting the tone for impending violence. The movie starts with Marion Crane and her boyfriend Sam Loomis in an intimate scene, before she has to go back to work. When she returns to work she is instructed to bank $40000 for her employer but decides to steal it and skip town instead. Driving on a rainy night, she pulls into the Bates Motel where she meets Norman Bates. After being showed to her room the two have dinner and they talk about Norman’s ill mother. Later that night while Marion is in the shower a shadowy figure comes and stabs her to death. Norman bursts into the bathroom and finds Marion’s dead body so he wraps her in a shower curtain then dumps her body and car in a nearby swamp. Marion’s sister Lila and boyfriend Sam are concerned about her disappearance. A private detective named Arbogast is also looking for Marion. Arbogast finds the Bates Motel and notices Norman acting suspiciously. He mentions Marion meeting his mother, so Arbogast goes up to the house to find her but a figure emerges and murders him. When Arbogast doesn’t return Lila and Sam visit the sheriff who is puzzled about Arbogast’s claim that the mother died years ago. Sam and Lila rent a room at the Bates Motel and while Sam distracts Norman, Lila sneaks up to the house where she finds Norman’s mother’s corpse. Norman Bates then bursts in, wearing a dress and wig and tries to kill Lila but is stopped by Sam. After Norman is arrested the psychiatrist reveals that Norman murdered his mother and her lover and then developed a split personality to erase the memory of the crime. The movie ends with Marion’s car being pulled from the swamp. (Ebert,1998) One of the main techniques Hitchcock uses to express the theme of duality is  the use different lighting. This is evident in the parlour scene when Norman and Marion are talking about Norman’s mother. The light source in this scene is high on the wall and closer to Marion leaving Norman in the dark. The angle light behind Norman is very sharp and it draws the audience’s attention to the large dead birds that Norman has but leaves everything else behind him very dark and dull to make it seem almost like he’s lurking in the shadows. (Lamb,2013). Again in the parlour scene only half of Normans face is lit insinuating that he has a dark side but also that half of him is still good. This technique is used more than once throughout the film. In the same scene Marion is depicted as sweet and innocent with her full face being lit. She has a large round light behind her leaving no shadows and lighting the entire wall. It’s in this scene that Marion good side prev ails and she decides to go back to Phoenix and return the stolen money. Another technique Hitchcock uses well in the film is sound. The score was written for a string orchestra by Bernard Herrmann even though Hitchcock initially requested a jazz score. However, after the film’s success, Hitchcock said â€Å"thirty three percent of the effect of Psycho was due to the music† (Smith,1991, p.241). The title music which is a tense hurtling piece plays three times throughout the film adding tension to some of the earlier scenes. (Palmer,1990, p.275). He also uses silence to build suspense. For example, in the shower scene Marion gets undressed and begins showering with no background music; this implies that something bad will happen yet, when the shadowy figure appears the violins are used in a screeching and stabbing sound motion of extreme viciousness. (Palmer,1990, p.277). The mise-en-scene is extraordinarily influential throughout Psycho but the best example of this would be in the parlour scene. One of the main objects in this scene is the milk jug that Norman carries on the tray. The spout is like an arrow pointing to Marion, This shows the audience that Norman has chosen her as his prey. Another obvious technique used in this scene is the position and placement of the actors and also the body language used. When Norman and Marion are standing facing each other Norman is holding the tray with both arms making it look almost like he’s pointing at Marion reinforcing the idea that he has chosen her, while Marion stands with both  arms by her side making her seem unaware and innocent. (Quality Teacher Program,2002, p.14). Also, while Norman and Marion are standing outside the office Norman’s reflection can be seen in the window, which supports the idea of duality in the film. Camera angle and different camera movements are another fantastic technique that Hitchcock uses very well in Psycho to reinforce the theme of duality. This can be seen in the opening scene where the camera positions the viewer as a voyeur witnessing an illicit affair between Marion who is in her lunch break and Sam who is a divorcee. In the 1950’s this was seen as pushing the limits of what is socially and morally acceptable. The shower scene also uses an extreme close up of Marion eye which shows her guilt as well as her innocence. Her open eye suggests she didn’t deserve to be killed by Norman but also by dying she has been punished for letting her evil side take over and stealing the money. (Quality Teacher Program,2002, p.29) Hitchcock achieved his goal with Psycho by portraying his main theme of duality in human nature. He made the theme obvious to the audience and reinforced it in many different ways using a large range of techniques including camera angle and position, lighting, sound and mise-en-scene. From the thrilling and somewhat haunting music in the opening credits right up until the final scene where Marion’s car is pulled from the swamp the theme is very effective in a way that keeps the audience thinking long after the film is over. Bibliography A Thematic Analysis of Alfred Hitchcock’s Psycho. http://www.novelguide.com/reportessay/literature/novels/thematic-analysis-alfred-hitchcocks-psycho (Retrieved on 26/3/14) Ebert, R. 1998. Psycho Review. http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-psycho-1960(Retrieved on 26/3/14) Final Paper. http://www.docstoc.com/docs/147378225/Final-Paper (Retrieved on 25/3/14) Kato, M. n.d., Hitchcock’s Psycho Analysis, University of Kyoto, Kyoto. Lamb, B. 2013, Mise-en-scene. http://lessonbucket.com/vce-media/units-3-4/narrative/mise-en-scene/ (retrieved on 26/3/14) Nixon, R. n.d. Behind the Camera on PSYCHO. http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/191164%7C0/Behind-the-Camera-Psycho.html (Retrieved on 26/3/14) Palmer, C.1990, The Composer in Hollywood, Marion Boyars, London Plot Synopsis. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0054215/ (Retrieved on 25/3/14) Psycho (motion picture) 1960, Paramount Pictures, Los Angeles, Producer, Alfred Hitchcock. Quality Teacher Program, 2002, Critical Literacy in English Years 8-10, Quality Teacher Program, Sydney. Smith, S.C. 1991, A Heart at Fire’s Center; The Life and Music of Bernard Herrmann, University of California Press, Berkeley

Cultural constraints in management theories Essay

Cultural constraints in management theories - Essay Example Despite their popularity, the validity and reliability of many of these models is easily questioned. Hosftede’s and Trompenaars’ dimensions of culture have far-reaching implications for organizations. In China, which has been heavily influenced by a unique combination of collectivism, communism, and Confucianism, these dimensions and their effects on management are extremely pronounced. In China, which has been heavily influenced by a unique combination of collectivism, communism, and Confucianism, these dimensions and their effects on management are extremely pronounced. Motivation exemplifies one of the most challenging aspects of organizational functioning in China. Yet, despite a wealth of literature on the topic, many of these dimensions and established beliefs require future consideration. The goal of this essay is to review the current state of knowledge about culture and motivation in China. The first half of this essay is devoted to the evaluation and criticism of cultural convictions about China through the prism of Hofstede’s and Trompenaars’ models. The second part of the essay talks about motivation within Chinese cultural contexts and the applicability of motivation theories in the Chinese culture. The main finding of this essay is that there is no one universal approach to the study of culture and motivation in cross-cultural contexts: cultures are never static, and it is never possible to predict how future cultural changes will affect organizations and employees in long-term periods. Hofstede, Trompenaars, and China: the culture-management relationship revisited China is rightly considered as one of the most popular objects of contemporary organization research. Much has been written and said about Chinese culture and its implications for business. Nonetheless, numerous aspects of cultural functioning in Chinese organizations remain poorly understood. Therefore, there is a need for reconsidering the role and implicat ions of Chinese national culture for management. It goes without saying that Hofstede’s model has long been the main instrument of management cultural research. This paper is no exception. â€Å"Hofstede’s dimensions of culture will create a foundation for understanding the effects of national culture on Chinese enterprises† (Geert Hofstede 2009). Geert Hofstede explored China along several important dimensions: long-term orientation, individualism and collectivism, power distance and, which was unique for China, Confucianism. China is believed to be a highly long-term oriented culture: the country is ranked the highest among other Asian countries on the long-term orientation dimension. Simply stated, the Chinese are prepared to work hard to achieve their long-term goals (Geert Hofstede 2009). Furthermore, Chinese national culture is characterized by high commitment to collectivist values: on the individualism dimension China is ranked the lowest of all Asian cu ltures (Geert Hofstede 2009). Low individualism in China is usually attributed to the long-standing legacy of communism and the historical values of family and relationships. Not only do the Chinese rely on the collectivist networks, but they tend to assume responsibility for members of their group (Geert Hofstede 2009). Given the role of communism in the Chinese history and culture, it comes as no surprise that the country ranks high on the Power Distance dimension. In other words, China demonstrates a serious gap between those in power and their subordinates (Geert Hofstede 2009). In no way is power distance imposed on the Chinese people; rather, organizations and individuals in China accept this dimension for granted and as part of their culture (Geert Hofstede 2009). Whether or not China is a feminine society Hofstede does not tell. Moreover, there is no universal agreement on this

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

International Marketing - Essay Example Traditional thoughts and practices of limiting one company with in the geographical boundaries of the country are obsolete today. Companies, across the globe, are striving to get into newer markets in the form of newer countries. International marketing has become the very integral part of almost all companies of the present world. According to Doole and Lowe, â€Å"At its simplest level, international marketing involves the firm in making one or more marketing mix decisions across national boundaries. At its most complex level, it involves the firm in establishing manufacturing facilities overseas and coordinating marketing strategies across the globe†(Doole & Lowe, 2001). Established in 2000, Initial Fashions has been known for its unique and creative yet qualitative designs. The philosophy of the company states that fashion should ideally reflect latest art and design and is much more than just a consumption phenomena. The leading fashion house of Hong Kong also believes that the fashion should reflect one’s inner and the outer qualities. The company is credited for its rigorous support in the relevant happenings and events of art and culture. Initial Cafà © provides whole lot of beverages and food items and includes Espresso, Siphon Coffee, special drinks, cake, cookies, salad and sandwiches. Ice Moca, the food item which has cocoa flavour upon the taste of coffee is made by mixing coffee beans bought from various countries. Dark chocolate is then added to establish the cocoa flavour. The cafà © division of the Initial Fashion which uses antique furniture to slow down the pace of the citizen’s life at the ever-busy shopping centers and streets of Hong Kong has all the attributes to venture in the market of United Kingdom and be successful. As the cafà © belongs to the service industry, the most important condition to be successful is to maintain the quality. And with the reputation that Initial Cafà © has, there is little doubt about it’s

Composing self Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Composing self - Research Paper Example The Peace Corps is a volunteer program that facilitates cultural exchange and understanding and provides technical assistance and support to Americans and people from other countries. The Peace Corps is a ubiquitous aspect of American culture, having been founded 54 years ago by President John F. Kennedy, following the enactment of the Peace Corps Act (Pub.L. 87–293) (Brown, 2014). The group’s role revolves around social and economic progress, making it an intrinsic part American society. Since its establishment, the program, through its chapters in different cities and states, has played a vital role in bridging the socio-economic and cultural gap between the United States and other countries. It frequently collaborates with other government departments (e.g., healthcare and homeland security) to provide support when necessary (Rogers & Haggerty, 2013). For example, during the September 11th terrorist attacks, members of the New York group made a significant contributi on to search and rescue, firefighting, counseling, public safety and policing, and public awareness efforts. Currently, the group influences community mobilization, healthcare development and provision, and emergency relief efforts in the United States and other countries. In summary, the group has socially existed for decades; it is recognized by many Americans, non-Americans (Watkins, 2012). As socio-cultural and economic challenges become more prevalent in and outside the United States, the Peace Corps become more socially relevant. This is evident in the number of initiatives that its members are increasingly required to support (Rogers & Haggerty, 2013). In developing countries, the group has been instrumental in nurturing good relations between the United States and other nations and improving the lives of millions of people. Members must be American citizens and, in most cases, college graduates with knowledge, skills, and experience in different disciplines. All

Qualitative 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Qualitative 2 - Essay Example There is particular method taken towards describing the basic elements within the data analysis and interpretation of the narratives retrieved from the interviews. The initial step entails reading and re-reading of the text provided to facilitate a better understanding of the provided data. This is the part where one has to consider the quality of the data via identifying key aspects, for example, impressions or any limitations. This is vital to the analysis to aid in eliminating any chance of collecting irrelevant data that does not make any meaning or add any value to the qualitative analysis The next step entails a directive that focuses on the analysis of the data findings via reviewing the purpose of the qualitative evaluation. The evaluation defines how one intends to use the results of the study by applying common approaches like looking into how the involved entities in all the readings related and in turn organize them to identify the similarities, consistencies and even the differences in the information. This process can also be referred to as categorization of information, which involves placing data according to identified themes or patterns that represent ideas having relevant information of coherent categories. The main focus of the data gathered and being analyzed are to aid in the re-engineering and re-development of Business Take On (BTO) and the client billing process. The readings from the data sets provided highlight on how business is conducted within the organization. The process map provided showcase how the various department or sections of the business are contingent or dependent on each other for the day to day execution of business operations. The findings in the qualitative study of the passages are sustained by the presence of the supporting conditions which show relation between all the

Guide to Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS) Written PowerPoint Presentation

Guide to Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS) Written Report - PowerPoint Presentation Example This has consequently resulted into most network security stakeholders doing all their best to ascertain that there is maximal security against any unauthorized acts of intrusion. On this regard, this paper aims at delivering a high quality analytical report on the different types of intrusion detection, prevention systems via an account of the article, Guide to intrusion detection and Prevention Systems (Scarfone & Mell, 2007). In simple terms, an intrusion detection and prevention system entails a well-designed and configured set of tools used to monitor all the inbound and outbound network activity. This is to facilitate identification and prevention of any suspicious patterns of unauthorized access to an organization’s computer network. That is, the IDPS performs monitoring of the organization network traffic, identifies the potential network threats and responds to them in a manner that maintains a highly secure network environment in an organization. In essence, IDPSs focus on ensuring that, only the authorized users and devices have access to the computer network resources (Scarfone & Mell, 2007). It is important to clarify that there are several types of intrusion detection and prevention systems currently in use in most organizations. The target of these products is to protect organization from the ever-advancing hacking techniques that create immense threats to the integrity and safety of most organization data and trade secrets. Upon a thorough analysis of each of the sections in the article, the following different types of IDPS data was gathered (Rash & Henmi, 2005). The need to protect computer network resources is always very important in promoting successful protection of organization data from unauthorized access. To be specific, the intrusion detection system on its own is of great importance particularly in monitoring the events that take place in a certain

Case study presentation PowerPoint Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case study - PowerPoint Presentation Example This will help motivate employees such that they take up their tasks as responsibilities and not routine work (Adams, 1997, p.50-58). Thorntree should use training and development within the organisation to boost the employee morale and creativity (Fox, 2007, p. 22-32). The management in Benchill should adopt a top-down approach and, hence, it should be an authoritative culture in the company (Durai, 2010, p.119). The human resource practices that managers in Speke Furnishing should aim for will be Succession planning and performance appraisal to keep the employees always on their toes (Kleiman, 2003, p.14-18). In Throntree the management should aim at creating a diverse workforce and also allow them creative freedom so that they are able to bring new ideas to the table (Deb, 2006, p.77). The HR practices should reward the employees by giving both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (Armstrong, 2006, p.21-28). The reward system should also be linked to a fair appraisal system that would help generate greater transparency (Jennifer, 2009, p.258). Career development plans should also be introduced so as to improve the learning curve of the employees and also to generate job satisfaction (Aamodt, 2012, p.330-336). This is important because job satisfaction is directly linked to employee motivation (Madura, 2006, p.373-375). Steps should also be taken to create a flat organizational hierarchy that allows greater ease in communications and prevents grapevine communications in the organization (Hamilton, 2010, p.40-41). The HR strategy in case of all the three companies will be very different from each other. Different concepts of human resource practices need to be adopted by all the three. People, as we know, are very critical for the success of every organisation and serve as the backbone for achieving the purpose of the company (Enz, 2010, p.721). Every company should design their organisational culture keeping in mind the goals of

Should Boys and Girls be in a Separate Class Research Paper

Should Boys and Girls be in a Separate Class - Research Paper Example Arguments in favour of the method One of the major benefits of separating the two genders is that students get to receive better education as per their personalities. It is well understood that girls are often more silent than boys, a factor that favours the good development of the learning environment. At times, girls also seem to be talkative than boys and this may require a new type of education (Weil 56). Psychology puts across the main stages of development among individuals. Learners in both primary and secondary level are at a crucial age of development which can be characterized by several activities amongst themselves. An advantage of teaching a specific gender with respect to this issue is that their future learning would be enhanced, considering the diversity in their growing ways. Boys get older in sexual matters and this could have an effect on girls who may concentrate more on the boys’ attention and thus interfere with the normal learning activities. Many religi ons perceive that boys and girls ought not to attend classes together, particularly during the age of adolescence when such children are curious and have-not yet acquired discipline in the body and mind. The religions with this perspective fear that children may engage themselves in sinful occasions in intimate quarters for the time allocated in school. They suggest that children should not be exposed to this â€Å"risky† situation till when they mature up and get ready to involve in legal circumstances. Above all, separating them keeps their minds focused on studies rather than on each other in the class (Leinhardt432). Other proponents suggest that single-sex education is the best because it is believed that children achieve higher results when taught separately than in unison. Boys’ and girls’ intelligence differs significantly, so their learning pace differs as well. Girls are more passive learners and perform well when it comes to classroom discussions and drawings or diagrams. Their visual ability is also high and are believed to be auditory learners. On the other hand, boys learn more kinetically and like practical learning. This assumption means that by teaching gender-based classes, different learning styles can be catered for and thus teaching them together will mean interfering with their potentials. Boys and girls are engaged by dissimilar stimuli, proving that if a teacher caters the class to the interests of girls, he might lose the boys and vice versa. Boys are sometimes intimidated by the superior verbal abilities in some subjects such as English, but can score far better if girls are not in their midst. The same applies for girls in science subjects, P.E, and woodwork. According to one American psychologist, who is also a family doctor, Dr. Leonard Sax, girls ought to learn on their own. He states, â€Å"The best possible thing you can do to help your daughter is to get her into a girls’ school.† His main arg ument is that the single-sex schools are a good way to eliminate the gender stereotypes in the society. To him, girls in schools with specified gender are more likely to study subjects that are perceived to be masculine. They can pursue engineering, technology, computer science, and physics and be more active in competitive sports compared to girls in co-educational schools setups. Further, he argues that the focus

Communication journal Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communication journal - Article Example The leader is also important in ensuring that that communication within the group is effective – that there are no elements of dictation from them or other group members. The leader also serves the important role of facilitating the process of designing and meeting objectives and the course of action, so as to get the response expected from the audience (LaFasto & Larson, 2001). b). Establishing an agenda on how to meet the goals of the group is also very important to the success of group presentation, as the agenda defines the clarity of the group’s goals. Through establishing the agenda, the group is able to narrow down to the areas that are important for the presentation and the expected results. Through the agenda on meeting goals: the leadership guides the actions and the preparations of the group, to ensure that they fall within the range, which counts towards the realization of the goals. Through establishing the agenda, the group gets a sense of direction, givin g preference to areas of priority and areas that should be addressed first. Through the agenda, the group is able to tie down all individual presentations into one whole, to ensure that there is coherence in meeting the set goals. Through establishing the agenda, unifying elements become evident, from the overall scheme and it helps develop the link between the different elements. From doing this, the entire group develops an understanding of the role to be played by each member – towards meeting goals, and that the individual roles blend together to form the desired discussion. Establishing the agenda guides group preparation, helps in giving rehearsals a sense order, and the links between introductions and transitions are established. Through the agenda, reflection is directed towards different aspects of presentation (LaFasto & Larson, 2001). c). Encouraging group members to express their opinions and to ask questions is very important, as the core aim of group work is to promote the development of a range of skills, including communication and interpersonal skills. Through encouraging the members to express their opinions and to ask questions, their input is captured, and their contribution towards the success of the group’s goals is guaranteed. Under ideal conditions, the group’s presentation should incorporate the input and the participation of each member, which can only be guaranteed through incorporating the opinions of the different members and addressing their questions, so that they do not weaken the entire presentation (LaFasto & Larson, 2001). d). Encouraging group members to know one another is somewhat important, as group presentation do not fully rely on the personal interaction existing between members. For instance, multinational congresses feature presentations, where different members of the presentation group have not met, but it is important that the boundaries of their presentation are clearly defined. However, know ing one another is important, as it can help in assigning different roles to members, responsibilities and presentation areas that are favored by the skills they posses. For instance, technical areas of the presentation are better presented by members who have background knowledge in technical concepts. However, the

Jesus and Women Essay Example for Free

Jesus and Women Essay Jesus Jesus Christ is believed to be the son of God who is a historical person that lived in Palestine about two thousand years ago and research has it that Christians who are believed to be his followers traditionally acknowledged him as their Lord and Savior and they take the initiative of imitating him since they believe that He lived a life without blemish and thus it is their duty to imitate him as much as possible. As far as Christianity is concerned then the description of moral issues is based on the basis of the texts from the bible and is fully authoritative and bear the stamp of God’s authority and it can still be applied in our lives today directly without compromise. Though most people tend to give attention to the voices of Christian tradition that is outside the written scriptures, some to the psychological arguments, sociological, medicinal or even evolutionary biology and others to their personal intuition, we are all influenced by the culture of our times whether we like it or not. Character is a very important thing in our lives since everybody will want to know how to associate with you according to your character since character determines a lot about an individual and that everybody including those outside the church have the idea of seeking guidance that is authoritative in our habits and the culture of our present times and this gives a lot of problems to Christians who want to participate in debates that deal with morals. Research also states that reading the bible is like listening to a conversation that has many voices that continues to speak to us and arguing in our hearts and we feel like it continues in us as time goes by thus we need to have intelligence and creativity in the interpretation as we listen to it. Mostly when questions were asked to Jesus during his mission, they were surrounding the references of the laws of Moses since people wanted to know his attitude towards the laws and people also wanted to know what they could learn from his attitude in order to get help on how to address similar issues in their own days whether the bible has something to say about it or it is silent. The bible gives evidence that the attitude of Jesus to the Old Testament was not straightforward since he highly respected the law and giving interpretations that strengthened it though on the other hand he sometimes seems to set the law aside and finding himself in a position of arguing with legal elders of his time. As we try to learn the character of Jesus, it is noted that some of his actions such as the healing on the Sabbath and welcoming people who are unclean such as the woman who committed adultery tends to bring contradiction to the way people regard him and it also reveals an approach that is flexible to the aspects of the law. A woman who was found committing adultery was supposed to be stoned to death according to the laws of Moses but when it happened during the time of Jesus and the woman was brought to him his response contradicted the law completely because he did not condemn the woman nor judged her actions but instead asked anyone who had not sinned to throw a stone at her but they all left without doing so as Jesus wrote on the ground and asked the woman to go and leave her sinful life and she was forgiven her sins and all this was a critical point of view of many elders of his time. This action of Jesus triggers a lot of questions as far as women are concerned such questions as was Jesus a feminist? Or was he just showing love and compassion to the woman? And many questions that still remain unanswered to date because the verse in John 8:1-11 in King James Version gives a different meaning to what is recorded in other bible versions. The love and compassion that Jesus had mostly leaned on the side of the inferior people in the society such as the lame, the blind, sinners who needed to be saved and also the women who were seen to be inferior beings in the society by the people of his time and also the old testament times since they could not be allowed to read the torah and thus Jesus wanted to call all these people to the equality that he believes they have in the kingdom of God. The status of women during the time of Jesus and also in Palestine as a whole was that of people who were considered to be inferior although there were still heroines at that time. There are no negative attitudes that are indicated in the gospels by Jesus towards women and thus research has it that Jesus is considered to be a feminist because by his actions he tries to bring out the value of women that was not seen or was neglected by everyone and that women did not have any value in Palestine. The attitude of Jesus is considered to be a positive attitude since he is the only person who did not disregard women as people who are inferior in the society and he does not portray it through the primitive Christian communal point of view of women and this gives out his feminist attitude which is referred to as feminism and is the personalism that is highly extended to women and is considered to be the constitutive part of the gospel which is the good news of Jesus. Jesus action towards the woman who committed adultery is really not to be questioned as far as positive attitude is concerned because in many occasions in the gospels Women were treated as second-class citizens and also treating women not as persons but as sex objects and they also expected Jesus as he was one of them to do the same. Seeing a woman as an evil sexual creature does not necessarily mean that she is was one of the points that Jesus wanted to get to the minds of the Pharisees when they saw the woman who came to wash the feet of Jesus with her hair when they were having dinner at a Pharisees house. Jesus wanted to make a difference in the opinions that people had towards women since that was one of the only way he could give them hope because nobody could give the women a second chance due to their strong beliefs that women were not supposed to be treated as humans but did by showing them that women deserve equal treatment to men through his actions of forgiving the woman and not condemning her. The language that Jesus used when responding to the issue of the adulterous woman is seen to be a critical language that is used to enlighten the moods of the reader and to make the people who were hearing the message from Jesus to understand what he fully meant by telling them to throw a stone at the woman if they did not have any sin. Jesus is still not in a position to be condemned since the laws of Moses indicated that both the woman and the man should be stoned to death once caught in the act of adultery and this was not the case when the woman was brought to Jesus because the woman was brought alone and it is evident that she did not commit adultery alone and that the people were referring to the laws of Moses and so they were the people to be condemned anyway through their unfair action. Due to facts that women were never regarded as of any value, the character of Jesus proved to be unique and with a plan since he was the only person who could see the value of a woman in any given situation whether good or bad since the woman who committed adultery was considered to be an evil person who was not even supposed to be in the presence of Jesus and never expected that Jesus could treat her the way he did. The translations of different versions of the bible concerning this event of the adulterous woman has to be criticized since they all portray different opinions that don’t give a matching conclusion since the language that can be found in the New International Version is quite different from that in the King James Version and also the New King James Version of the bible. As part of this discussion of Jesus and the women it is good for us to take a close look at other instances where Jesus was seen to be supporting women in the bible or even in his mission. Most of Jesus disciples were men but he also had women disciples who also played a big role as far as his ministry is concerned. The attitude of Jesus towards women is seen to be a good attitude since he taught them the gospel, what the scriptures meant, and the truths in the Christian religion in general. According to Judaism some of the actions of Jesus towards women is considered to be very improper like teaching the women the scriptures and as it is recalled this was very wrong. Jesus was always seeing the potential of women which other people could not see and through this he tried his level best to break some of the customs deliberately in an extraordinary way since this custom was invidious to women As the men tried to tempt Jesus with a question regarding the adulterous woman he did not tense because he knew that the same people who were condemning this woman were also sinners, he used a style of rhetorical questions where he did not have to answer them the way they expected him to do so. There were many women who were following Jesus both the married and the unmarried and they all wanted to be part of his ministry since they had been given the privilege to have a say in his ministry that made them feel like they belong somewhere since they had been feeling rejected by all people and they had been feeling very inferior in the society since nobody was in the position to give them a helping hand in their weaknesses. In the book of Luke 8:1 the presence of women in the number of disciples that Jesus had is felt since there are those who are even mentioned by name in the sentences with the twelve disciples when Jesus made his way through towns and villages and the twelve were with him preaching and proclaiming the word of God which was the good news of the kingdom of God. At that time the twelve disciples were with him as well as certain women who were there to provide for them the resources that they needed. The roles that were played by these women in early Christianity are the same as those played by the present deacons of the churches today since in the Greek language the words used in the bible such as â€Å"provided for† has the same meaning as the word â€Å"ministered to† as used in the gospel of Mark. It is significant to appreciate the freedom of women being in a position to follow him and minister to him when it is recalled that women were not even supposed to leave their households whether married or still a daughter of someone and even being allowed to read the scriptures or study it in the more observant settings. The connection of women to Jesus is still very intimate even during his resurrection from the dead because there are other three accounts of the resurrection of Jesus in the bible that are all related to the raising of a woman, Jairus’ daughter in the book of (Mathew 9:18. ; Mark 5:22. ; Luke. 8:41. ) The second resurrection that was performed by Jesus was that of the only son of the widow that lived in Nain, Jesus had compassion on her and asked her not to weep and made his son well. The other resurrection that Jesus performed which was the third resurrection was that of Lazarus at the requests made by his sisters Martha and Mary who were also women in the book of (John 11:43-44). For Lazarus to be resurrected it was the efforts of the women who were his sisters, at first Martha and Mary had sent for Jesus when Lazarus was ill and when he finally came, Lazarus had been dead for four good days and Martha pleaded with Jesus to resurrect him. Thus Jesus raised one person and the other two were raised at the request of women. In the case of Jairus daughter Jesus touched her corpse but in the case of Lazarus and the Widow’s son Jesus just used words to raise them. We can wonder why He chose to violate the the laws of the rituals of purity in order to help a woman and not men and also the message about his resurrection is revealed to a woman. Jesus is seen to violate the common code that was concerned with the relation between men and women when he found a Samaritan woman at the well of Jacob and talked to her and yet the Jews were not allowed to talk to Samaritan women and a man would not also speak to a woman in public and once again the messianic nature of Jesus was also revealed to a woman. Jesus revealed himself as the â€Å"resurrection,† to Martha, the â€Å"risen one† and also revealed himself as the â€Å"messiah† which was his key role in his ministry to a woman again and she immediately bore witness of that fact to all the villagers that were around to come and see Jesus who was the messiah and this would seem like John the Gospel writer was trying to deliberately highlighting this event and clearly wished to reinforce thereby Jesus’ on the equal dignity of women to men that he saw. As the Samaritans approached Jesus was talking about the field and the sewers and the way people would reap what others had sown. He was speaking of the souls of men directly and he did it in general and not only Jesus in particular though it would seem like the evangelist was also meaning specifically to include the Samaritan woman among those Samaritans since he added the mentioned verse â€Å"Many Samaritans of that town had believed in him on the strength of the woman’s testimony†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . As far as marriage of women is concerned the most important stand of Jesus in relation to their dignity is his position on marriage. He had an unpopular attitude towards marriage though his stand highly sided monogamy and elimination of divorce since both the man and the woman were to have equal rights and responsibilities as they related with each other (Mk10:2; Mt. 19:3 New International Version) This is one of the instances that was rather thoroughly assimilated by the Christian church though it can be doubtless since it was reinforced by many sociological factors and historical accidents like the present strength of the Greek world of the Stoic philosophy though the notion of equal rights between man and woman and their responsibilities as far as marriage is concerned was not extended very far in the Christian marriage. Jesus had never thought of women as people who could only have their roles as in restricted terms such as only being a housekeeper like when he visited the house of Martha and Mary and Martha was taking the typical role of a woman of being in the house and preparing food for the visitors and complaining that Mary was not helping her and Jesus responded by treating Mary first as a person and applauded her for putting his service as the priority in her life and told her that she had chosen the better part compared to Martha and it was not to be taken from her. In short Jesus was trying to let people understand that Martha was not doing a bad thing but the way she had put her priorities was the problem that he had since he wanted women to know that women also have the right to engage themselves in intellectual life and also acquire religious authority and spiritual life just as men were called to. There is another instance in the bible in the gospel in the book of (Luke 11:27 Revised Standard Version) when a woman who was impressed with the way Jesus was teaching and she gave her compliment by mentioning the womb that bore Jesus and the breast that fed him and talked of how happy she would be to have a son like Jesus though it was not typical at that time for her to utter such a word since this reduced his sexual linage of a woman and Jesus felt it necessary to reject it by insisting on the personhood, the intellectual and the moral faculties of a woman by saying that blessed are those who hear the word of God and keep it. Jesus has tried in so many ways possible to help people in whichever condition he has found them because even when he was busy teaching a group of men came to interrupt him with the issue of the woman that they wanted him to condemn for her actions of adultery. Jesus wanted to show the equality between men and women and mostly communicate the equal dignity of women and he did this through the parable of the woman and the lost coin and here Jesus projected God in a way that he put him as a woman when the despised tax collectors and the sinners were all gathered around him but the Pharisees and the scribes all complained about it. Jesus related three parables at a go and they all depicted that God was more concerned with those who were lost and the first story was that of the shepherd who left the ninety nine sheep for one sheep that was lost and the shepherd is God the second story is that of the woman and the lost coin and the woman is God and the third was that of the prodigal son where the father is God and in all this instances Jesus tries to portray a woman as a special being that has equal dignity to a man. A woman is still regarded as a dignified creature by Jesus Christ since there are other instances in Christian history where the Holy Spirit been associated with a feminine character that is woman like in the Syrian Didascalia where speaking of different offices in the church states that deaconess should be honored as the linage of the Holy Spirit. Giving the Holy Spirit a feminine lineage would give a rather negative result which would be a rather positive one since in many cases pictures show Jesus carrying the sheep on his shoulder as the shepherd, in the parable of the prodigal son the father takes the position of God the father and finally the woman who looks for the lost coin takes the position of God the Holy Spirit and if this interpretation has existed then it has not been common or maybe it might not be accepted by many people as far as male chauvinism is concerned. If there is lack of logic for the attribute of the general denigration of the culture of women of the pagan goddesses though Christian abhorrence of pagan gods has never resulted in a Christian rejection of God’s male linage. As far as the life of Jesus is concerned talking of his attitude in various events is quite hard to understand since his attitude changes from time to time and from event to event because if we take a look at his attitude towards the laws of the Old Testament then we should be in a position to point out that his attitude was not straight forward since he wanted almost everything to have new interpretations from the way they had already been written and that in another possible way he tried to strengthen the laws. The fact that Jesus ignored speaking the large or great towns in Galilee and using a wide imagery of rural areas in his teachings also tells a lot about his social character and are at variance with the predominantly urban character of the primitive church and it gives no reason that the church concerns have dominated the gospels in the ministry of Jesus. In other words dealing and coming to a conclusion about the attitude of Jesus since it changed a lot during his ministry and this is obscured for us by the orders of the events which are uncertain to talk about. It can be thought that Jesus was a charismatic innovator and was tamed by experience and maybe he began as a conventional and a man who abided in the laws and later on became disillusioned by the way the laws had to be applied since in adultery he extends the commandments by emphasizing the thoughts to actions, in loving the neighbors he extends to enemies and also performing a miracle on the Sabbath day bringing a controversy in the teachings had already been given out. It is therefore a fact to say that the attitude of Jesus is not something to come up with a conclusion to since the way it changes it brings about controversies in many possible ways in both his life and ministry at large. References Amba, M. (2001): Introducing African Women’s Theology. Pilgrim Press Ann, L. (1992): The Meaning of Gender in Theology. Problems and Possibilities. Batterd, J. (1995): Marriage, Sex and Violence in the Hebrew Prophets. Minneapolis. Fortress Press. Bright, H (1998): Hidden Voices: Biblical Women and Our Christian Heritage. Smith And Helwys. Dickey, P. (2000): Feminism Theology/ Christian Theology: In Search of Method. Elizabeth, F. (1993): Searching the scriptures. I. A Feminist Introduction. London King, U. (1995): Religion and Gender. Blackwell, Oxford Letty, M. (1985): Feminism Interpretation of the Bible Mollenkott, V. (1992): Men, Women and the Bible. New York Phyllis, T. (1978): God and the Rhetoric of Sexuality. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. Rosemary, R. (1995): New Woman New Earth: Sexist Ideologies And Human Liberation. Beacon Press. The Holy Bible, Luke 11:27 King James Version (KJV) The Holy Bible, John 11:42-43 King James Version (KJV) The Holy Bible, Luke 8:41 King James Version (KJV) The Holy Bible, John 8:1-11 King James Version (KJV) The Holy Bible, Romans 8:1 King James Version (KJV)

Accounting for Decistion Makers Essay Example for Free

Accounting for Decistion Makers Essay The Question: Charlie and Maribelle Brown have owned and operated a retail furniture store for more than 20 years. They have employed an independent CPA during this time to prepare various sales tax, payroll tax, and income tax returns, as well as financial statements for themselves and the bank from which they have borrowed money from time to time. They are considering selling the store but are uncertain about how to establish an asking price. Prepare a brief written answer (no more than a couple of paragraphs) about what type of information is likely to be included in the material prepared by the CPA that may help the Browns establish an asking price for the store. Assignment #1 Reviewing the past and present financial statements prepared by their CPA, would allow the Browns to trend historical data such as cash flow and cost of operations. This, coupled with the current and projected economic climate as well as current and projected cost of living, would help the Browns to understand how much they spend to keep their business running as well as how much they’ve profited over time. Although the information provided in the financial statements is not a concrete indicator, it is a good gauge of how the Browns’ business will perform in the future. Unless major economic changes or other unforeseen circumstances occur, historical performance often tends to remain constant. The Browns would be able to use most of the information provided by their CPA to determine a fair asking price for their retail furniture store.

Main Components Of Marketing Management Marketing Essay

Main Components Of Marketing Management Marketing Essay The industrial world has come a long was from the early days of industrial revolution. As the industrial world has grown tremendously, it has become more complicated and a subject of academic study. Business concepts have evolved and new findings and ideas have been recorded continuously. Different organizations have different business strategies and plans. Marketing management has become an essential part of a business strategy. Marketing management is the proper use of marketing techniques, resources and activities by a company or organization to promote its products (Kotler et al, 2006). This report aims at explaining the main components of strategic marketing management. For better understanding the report then concentrates on the newspaper industry in particular. It explains how internet has become a key challenge for the newspaper industry. Also the author demonstrates the ability to apply marketing theory by doing a SWOT analysis of the newspaper industry. Main Components of Marketing Management Marketing is one of the main aspects of business management. It is also one of the most powerful in that it has the potential to significantly impact the entire business management process that few of the other aspects of business management can match. Marketing and its management is almost as diverse a field as business management itself. The main components of marketing consist of analysis, planning, implementation and control (Czinkota Ronkainen, 2007). These are the components no matter what the kind of industry or service the target of marketing might be. Situational/Strategic Analysis Strategic analysis is mainly about analyzing the strengths of organization and the external factors that can influence the business position. It is necessary to understand the current environment before defining specific marketing activities (Lamb et al, 2008). It involves in assessing what a particular organizations position is with respect to its customers, how the business is functioning within and its competition outside. Various qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection are used for marketing research to be carried out. Sources of data will consist of primary and secondary, with the secondary ones being those that are already available i.e. reports, journals, articles, etc and the primary sources being surveys, questionnaires to the target audience, etc that will reveal product specific or service specific information at the desired time period. Analysis is also required of the external conditions to take account of the changes in technology, changes in governmenta l policies that could impact the industry, etc. Customer analysis is equally important which includes customer buying trends, continual assessment of the target customers to increase the base of potential customers. Various tools that can be used to carry out the analysis are: PEST analysis, scenario planning, SWOT analysis, market segmentation, etc. Strategy Planning The situation following in depth analysis and data gathering leads to one that requires intense planning and simulation. Due to knowledge of the opportunities and risks gathered from the analysis stage the company must now plan its actions based on its objectives that will involve long term strategic decisions, tactical decisions that affect mid term goals and operational decisions that affect daily operations of a company (Czinkota Ronkainen, 2007). By rigorous cost and profit estimates on various models of action, the company will be best able to judge which model to choose. The model chosen might require that necessary changes be made in the existing organizational structure or a complete revamp in some cases to help achieve the goals and objectives set. It is also imperative that at this point in time, the company comes out with alternative plans in order to meet its goals and objectives in case the primary plan does not work out. Strategy Implementation and Control These are probably the most important phases in the marketing plan since no matter how much effort is put into the analysis and planning phases, the implementation needs to be carried out according to plan with appropriate control. The implementation should be carefully carried out since often times it is found that plans are hardly adhered to. The implementation and control must also allow for adequate flexibility for tackling with unexpected and undesired situations. Strategy implementation directly affects everybody associated in an organization (David, 2006). By frequent monitoring and control of the implemented plans, the company can gauge the effectiveness of a particular plan or change it accordingly based on the effects it is having. Marketing Management and other Aspects of Business Management As mentioned above marketing is an important part of the overall business management and plays an important role in the organizations success. An organizations success depends on how it can satisfy its customers through its products and services. This is where marketing plays an important role. It is the marketing plan of an organization that decides how an organization goes by in making its products and services available to its customers. Also marketing plan is what decides in which market the organization is going to compete and what are the steps to be taken to meet and satisfy the customers needs. Hence, the success of all other aspects of business management is directly or indirectly dependent on the success of the marketing strategy. For example staffing and production or a part of the business management. So these factors are directly dependent how an organizations products and services fares in the market. As mentioned marketing strategy plays an important role in the market success of a product or a service. Hence, all the other aspects of business management are closely related and dependent on the marketing strategy. Key Challenges Affecting Marketing Strategy of the Newspaper Industry Newspaper industry has been one of oldest and dynamic industry that has enjoyed great success for a very long time. Newspaper industry has played a dominant role in public communication in the past century. It has seen tremendous growth and financial success in the second half of the 20th century. Even though the main purpose of the newspaper industry is to make news available to public, its main source of income has been advertising, especially, retail and classified advertising (Picard, 2008). 75 to 85 percent of income of an average newspaper in the Unites States and European countries is accounted by advertising. Newspaper advertising has witnessed a strong and consistent growth in the 20th century and also a relationship was observed between advertising spending and GDP (Gross Domestic Product). All this was possible as there was literally very little competition in the advertising sector (Picard, 2008). The impeccable success of the newspaper industry is now on a decline. The debate over the end of the newspaper industry has been doing rounds since the last decade of the 20th century and early 21st century. But now there have been observable effects of this decline around the world. In the US alone, The Rocky Mountain News and the Ann Arbor have completely shut down wherein Seattle Post Intelligencer has stopped printing and has completely adopted web only model. The Detroit Free Press and The Detroit News have cut down their publishing to 3 days a week (Barbara, 2009). In the UK, all national newspapers have recorded a year on year fall. Pearsons financial daily and Independent News Medias the Independent have both recorded a 3.17% and 14.02% year on year drop respectively (Busfield, 2009). There also has been a drop in the number of people employed by the newspaper industry. The number of people employed by the newspaper industry has gone down by 18% over a 14 year period from 19 90 to 2004 (Barbara, 2009). As per Pew Project findings, 14,000 reporting jobs have been lost during 2001 to 2009 (Entman, 2010). All this is a strong indicator of the demise of the newspaper industry. One of the key challenges or reasons for the decline of the news paper industry has been the internet. The situation is best summed up by Will Manley (2008), when he states Thanks to the Internet, the entire newspaper industry is fighting for its life. The internet has hit the core of the industry. It has diverted both the advertisers and the readers away from the newspaper industry. The development of internet and its advertising abilities are now substituting the traditional newspaper classified advertising (Picard, 2008). Internet advertising model has taken away a major chunk of the newspapers primary source of income which is the classified and display advertising and also it has led to a decrease in the readership as well (Gardner, 2009). The newspaper share in the total advertising expenditure has decreased by one third. Clearly the newspaper industry is losing its dominance over the advertising world. First, lets consider the effect of the internet on the readership. Internet has achieved great penetrability today on a global stage and has connected the world like no other communication means in the past. The internet, growing mobility and dropping costs have lead the access of global multimedia networks which link individuals, groups and news organizations (Entman, 2010). This has given the readers access to world news at absolutely no cost. It gives them an opportunity to refine the news topics as per their individual interests and also to search news articles from previous issues if required. These advantages have started diverting readers from the traditional print newspapers to digital news websites on the internet. There is a drastic increase in the number of prole going online or using wireless devices to get news and information (Gardner, 2009). According to research news sites and digital newspapers are among the most widely demanded and visited web sites among the Intern et community worldwide (Flavian Gurrea, 2008). News portals like Google News and Yahoo! News have contributed immensely to this drastic diversion in readership. They dont just offer aggregated news content but also are available 24/7 to anyone who has access to internet from anywhere in the world (Barbara, 2009). Internet news portals and websites have an added advantage. They allow an interaction between the readers and also with the journalist who reports and edits the stories which is not possible in the traditional news papers (Entman, 2010). This is in sync with the trend that a great number of investigative stories about the government wrong doing have appeared on various news and opinion bloggers than in the newspapers (Manley, 2008). This indicates the trend that readers are looking for online resources for news and information. Internet is now being accessed by mobile phones and wireless devices which are not helping the newspaper industrys cause. All these reasons combine d, have lead to a decrease in the readership of newspapers. Lets now consider the threat posed by internet on the newspaper advertising which is the financial back bone of the newspaper industry. Internet has come out with a dynamic advertising model which has proved to be more effective for classified advertising than in the newspapers. This has made a damaging impact on the newspaper industry as classified advertising has been the primary category of advertising sales and growth (Picard, 2008). The decline in readership and the advantages that internet advertising offers has made advertisers reconsider their overall advertising spending patterns. Concerns over the effectiveness of advertising took more momentum due to the economic downturn and recessions. This made advertisers explore new media for advertising and internet was a great substitute (Picard, 2008). Internet had great advertising models which attracted traffic and also advertisers could target their customers which were not possible through newspapers. Models like Google AdSense are a great example of this business model where people were paid for displaying ads on their personal websites and for increasing the traffic. Also there are agencies that pay people for viewing ads which means the advertisements have maximum reach. Huge revenues generated by Google, Yahoo, MSN are an indicator where the advertisers are channeling their dollars (Barbara, 2009). The newspaper industry is no more interesting to the advertisers as it was a couple of decades ago. Newspaper publishers seem to have taken the hardest hit from the technological and economic challenges of publishing (Barbara, 2009). The decline in readership and newspaper advertising has made the newspaper industry less financially interesting for investors as they are looking for profits and assets growth (Picard, 2008). Strategic Analysis of the Newspaper Industry As mentioned above, strategic analysis is the main and foremost component of marketing management. A strategic analysis must analyze all the factors that influence the marketing strategy of an organization. Below is the SWOT analysis of the newspaper industry. SWOT Analysis SWOT (Strength, Weakness. Opportunities, Threats) analysis helps an organization to determine where it is doing well and where it needs improvement. SWOT analysis must be made relative to the market needs and competition (Ferrell Hartline, 2007). Following is the SWOT analysis of the newspaper industry: Strengths: The strength of the newspaper industry is that it targets a wide range of customers across the globe. Newspaper industry has penetration remote parts of the globe where there are no other sources of world news. This is great strength as this gives the newspaper industry a large customer base. Weakness: The cutting of trees for paper has become a global issue under the global warming context. The dependence of newspaper industry on paper has become its biggest weakness as there is huge support from world wide for e-books and papers. The newspaper industry must come up with an alternative to paper. Opportunities: There is a huge opportunity for the newspaper industry to venture into other markets and use advanced technologies to reach the customers or readers. Newspaper industry can join hands with electronic media to come up new business strategies and plans. But this is an opportunity which has to be used. Threats: As mentioned above electronic media is an opportunity if used but right now it is a threat to the newspaper industry especially in developed countries. Electronic media have gained popularity in the last couple of decades and have become a serious threat to the newspaper industry. Conclusion Strategic marketing management is very important for the success of any organization. The marketers must understand the importance of this and use the various tools and ideas at their disposal to come up with ideas and strategies that will help the organization to beat the competition and succeed. Being innovative in formulating strategies is the need of the hour for every organization in order to survive in todays highly competitive industrial world. In particular, newspaper industry has to adopt new ways and methods to overcome the challenges posed by the technological advancements, particularly ineternet. The importance of marketing management can not be stressed any further and its high time that the organizations world wide realizes and implements marketing management in their business model.

Essay --

Economic and Strategic Traits of the Industries and Companies Some industry factors to consider between Harley-Davidson and Polaris is their diversification, market growth rate, market size, competitive and corporate strategies. The market of recreational vehicles is very broad and it includes vehicles that are designed for on-road the experience to even off the road experiences. Recreational vehicles include ATVs, snowmobiles, utility vehicles, motorcycles, RVs, campers, boats, jet skis and even trailers. To dominate in all fields of the recreational vehicle industry would be very ambitious and expensive to accomplish. Our diversification in the recreational vehicle market is truly unique. We provided the first ever motorcycle to the consumer and we still are going strong for 110 years. There is three diversification tests we must consider and pass if we were to move on to acquiring Polaris. The industry attractiveness test is all about the opportunity for potential profits and returns in entering the side of recreational vehicles that would appeal to a broader market share could be impactful. The cost of entry test to Polaris’ industry that appeals to off-road, snowmobile and even on-road customers cannot be higher than our potential profit if we acquire Polaris. We must look at the long-term growth of Polaris and even at Harley-Davidson to see if this does make business sense. We must consider potential new competitive start-up companies that may want to try enter our market as well since there will be less competition. With the cost of entry we must consider Polaris as a growing company and it’s the number one seller of ATVs in North America. A growing company also means a higher price to obtain. The better-off test is anot... ...ompany’s corporate strategy is to eventually enter into the other side of the recreational vehicle market and that could be achieved with the acquisition of Polaris. We are looking into opportunities to have strategic fit with a new company to make sure we have better competitive advantage. Here at Harley-Davidson, we do marketing differently and that includes giving people the experience to test drive our motorcycles so they can feel the experience of the ride. We are unconventional in our marketing concepts but it has proven to pay dividends. Polaris’ corporate strategy is to drive down costs in the recreational vehicle market but to also produce high quality, reliable vehicles. They are looking into focusing more globally especially in emerging markets. Polaris is recognized nationally for our superb customer service and this is something they plan to continue. Essay -- Economic and Strategic Traits of the Industries and Companies Some industry factors to consider between Harley-Davidson and Polaris is their diversification, market growth rate, market size, competitive and corporate strategies. The market of recreational vehicles is very broad and it includes vehicles that are designed for on-road the experience to even off the road experiences. Recreational vehicles include ATVs, snowmobiles, utility vehicles, motorcycles, RVs, campers, boats, jet skis and even trailers. To dominate in all fields of the recreational vehicle industry would be very ambitious and expensive to accomplish. Our diversification in the recreational vehicle market is truly unique. We provided the first ever motorcycle to the consumer and we still are going strong for 110 years. There is three diversification tests we must consider and pass if we were to move on to acquiring Polaris. The industry attractiveness test is all about the opportunity for potential profits and returns in entering the side of recreational vehicles that would appeal to a broader market share could be impactful. The cost of entry test to Polaris’ industry that appeals to off-road, snowmobile and even on-road customers cannot be higher than our potential profit if we acquire Polaris. We must look at the long-term growth of Polaris and even at Harley-Davidson to see if this does make business sense. We must consider potential new competitive start-up companies that may want to try enter our market as well since there will be less competition. With the cost of entry we must consider Polaris as a growing company and it’s the number one seller of ATVs in North America. A growing company also means a higher price to obtain. The better-off test is anot... ...ompany’s corporate strategy is to eventually enter into the other side of the recreational vehicle market and that could be achieved with the acquisition of Polaris. We are looking into opportunities to have strategic fit with a new company to make sure we have better competitive advantage. Here at Harley-Davidson, we do marketing differently and that includes giving people the experience to test drive our motorcycles so they can feel the experience of the ride. We are unconventional in our marketing concepts but it has proven to pay dividends. Polaris’ corporate strategy is to drive down costs in the recreational vehicle market but to also produce high quality, reliable vehicles. They are looking into focusing more globally especially in emerging markets. Polaris is recognized nationally for our superb customer service and this is something they plan to continue.

Milton Rogovin :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I took this class I came in with no knowledge of photography. To me pictures were just a piece of film from the past. I never appreciated photography until I entered this class and viewed the pictures from the book and visited the New York Historical Society with photographs from Milton Rogovin. His exhibition truly surprised me. When I heard about this trip I thought it was going to be another museum visit. The second I entered his exhibition I see a huge wall with two people dancing the trance. That picture really started my trip positively. As I started to look around I noticed that all of his pictures were of people. Every picture had sadness to it. These photographs really touched me. They each have their own story to tell. In the beginning I was wondering why Rogovin took photographs like that but until later I realized what his point was. These people were all from lower classes. No one ever pays attention to poor people and these photographs really ma de these people feel like they were worth something. Rogovin said that these were â€Å"the neglected people and places of Buffalo, NY.† When I saw these pictures it seemed so real and natural. Rogovin did not have to do much to make these photographs mean something because automatically I felt something for these people just by looking at their faces. There were pictures of mothers with children, fathers with sons, friends with friends. Rogovin loved to see people grow through his pictures. He loved the way life could change so drastically in such a little time. He had a lot of photos that consisted of more than two sets. They all started off with the people being young and ending with them grown up. It was like a story of their life in just a couple of photographs. His work is amazing and it really did bring light to these people. It was very difficult to choose one photograph since I admired all of them and they all were touching pictures. But the one that really touched m e was photo #16.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This set consisted of four photos. It was a mother with her daughter and it ranged from years 1972-2001. I first looked at this picture without reading the story or listening to the summary. I wanted to compare my view to what was actually happening.

Hanslick With Feeling :: Art Poetry Papers

Hanslick With Feeling Abstract Among most contemporary philosophies of art, Eduard Hanslick's Vom Musikalisch-Schà ¶nen is regarded as an irredeemably formalistic tract denying any aesthetic relevance of feeling in the aesthetic appreciation and discussion of music. Challenging this position, I show that Hanslick's outlook is consistent with an expressiveness in music that can be appreciated and discussed aesthetically in relevant metaphorical terms which reveal how the music  « looks and what its beauties are  ». Rà ©sumà © Parmi les philosophies de l'art contemporain, le Vom Musikalisch-Schà ¶nen d'Eduard Hanslick est considà ©rà © comme un traità © formaliste strict, qui nie toute pertinence esthà ©tique du sentiment dans l'apprà ©ciation et la discussion sur la musique. Malgrà © cette prise de position, je vais montrer que le point de vue de Hanslick n'exclut pas une expressività © musicale sujette à   une apprà ©ciation et à   une discussion esthà ©tiques en termes mà ©taphoriques pertinents, qui rà ©và ¨lent  « l'allure  » de la musique et  « quelles en sont les beautà ©s  ». The consensus of most contemporary philosophers of art is that Hanslick's On the Musically Beautiful is an irredeemably formalistic tract.1 It vehemently denies that the aesthetic apprehension of instrumental music includes feeling either of the composer or of the listener. Hanslick, so it is widely believed, acknowledged as aesthetically relevant only music's formal or technical characteristics. I think that this contemporary view of Hanslick's alleged formalism may be due in part to his vigorous and oft repeated denial that music could in any way represent or express the  « garden-variety  » emotions or ordinary emotions. It hardly follows from this that for Hanslick the only possible aesthetic apprehension of music would be its formal aspects. As Beardsley has noted, denial of the expression theory of music does not necessarily result in formalism; an expressive theory of music is possible. The Expression Theory has called our attention to an important fact about music--namely, that it has human regional qualities. But in performing this service it has rendered itself obsolete. We have no further use for it. ... 'This music is joyous' is plain and can be defended. 'This music expresses joy' adds nothing except unnecessary and unanswerable questions.2 The interpretation of Hanslick as a musical formalist may be due to an all too hasty inference from his conviction that (1)  « from all customary appeals to feeling, we can derive not a single musical law.  » Yet, earlier Hanslick stoutly maintains (2)  « the view that the ultimate worth of the beautiful is always based on the immediate manifestation of feeling.

Automobile Sector in India Essay

The Automobile industry in India is one of the largest in the world and one of the fastest growing globally. India manufactures over 17. 5 million vehicles (including 2 wheeled and 4 wheeled) and exports about 2. 33 million every year. It is the world’s second largest manufacturer of motorcycles, with annual sales exceeding 8. 5 million in 2009. India’s passenger car and commercial vehicle manufacturing industry is the seventh, with an annual production of more than 3. 7 million units in 2010. According to recent reports, India is set to overtake Brazil to become the sixth largest passenger vehicle producer in the world, growing 16-18 per cent to sell around three million units in the course of 2011-12. In 2009, India emerged as Asia’s fourth largest exporter of passenger cars, behind Japan, South Korea, and Thailand. We are all well aware of the fact that, for decades the Indian automobile industry was way behind some of the most influential economies in the world like USA and Japan. The Indian automobile industry, though in its nascent stage, is expected to set the ball rolling in the Indian Economy as well. Coming to the automotive trends, today, the Indian automobile industry is one of the most vibrant, modern and upbeat automobile markets in the world. It is also the second largest two-wheeler market in the global map. With the emergence of the financially sound middle class, the four-wheeler segment is set for tremendous growth and one can expect of more impetus to the economy from this sector. No wonder then that this industry has become the centre of attraction for most of the global automotive giants the world over. The factors playing a key role in the Indian automobile industry trends are as follows: Government: Unlike in the past, the Indian Government has gone through a total role reversal by becoming the enabler rather than the controller. In the recent past it has started providing better infrastructure and a conducive atmosphere to attract investments and implementing growth oriented economic policies. Competition: With the coming of the multinationals, an immense pressure has grown on the Indian companies. As a result, a lot of joint ventures have taken place, some others have invested heavily on R&D to build their own empires and the rest have perished. Customer: Armed with higher buying power and an ever increasing expectation from products and services, the customer is undoubtedly the king and has propelled a fierce competition among the major players in the market. Pollution and Safety Norms: cars as well as two-wheelers have met the most stringent international norms of pollution. Euro II vehicles have become the norm of the day all over India. Unfortunately, in the Indian context, safety in motor vehicles is a relatively neglected area. Bad roads coupled with the absence of adequate safety features in the vehicles such as airbag and crumple zone needs immediate attention. But awareness is on the increase and the use of seat belts while driving has been made mandatory. Bikes: Keeping apace with the global trends the two-wheeler segment has witnessed tremendous growth both qualitatively and quantitatively. Bikes with higher engine capacities have done commendably well on the Indian roads. Bike styling and fuel efficiency has also seen major developments. In short, the Indian automotive industry is set for exponential growth in the future. Consistent growth and dedication have made the Indian automobile industry the second- largest tractor and two-wheeler manufacturer in the world. It is also the fifth-largest commercial vehicle manufacturer in the world. The Indian automobile market is among the largest in Asia. The key players like Hindustan Motors, Maruti Udyog, Fiat India Private Ltd, Tata Motors, Bajaj Motors, Hero Motors, Ashok Leyland, Mahindra & Mahindra have been dominating the vehicle industry. A few of the foreign players like Toyota Kirloskar Motor Ltd. , Skoda India Private Ltd. , Honda Siel Cars India Ltd. have also entered the market and have catered to the customers’ needs to a large extent. Not only the Indian companies but also the international car manufacturing companies are focusing on compact cars to be delivered in the Indian market at a much smaller price. Moreover, the automobile companies are coming up with financial schemes such as easy EMI repayment systems to boost sales. There have been exhibitions like Auto-expo at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi to share the technological advancements. Besides, there are many new projects coming up in the automobile industry leading to the growth of the sector. Year All Vehicles (in ‘000) Two Wheelers (in ‘000) Cars, Jeeps and Taxis (in ‘000) Buses (in ‘000) Goods Vehicles (in ‘000) Other Vehicles (in ‘000) 200154,99138,5567,0586342,9485,795 200258,92441,5817,6136352,9746,121 200367,00747,5198,5997213,4926,676 200472,71851,9229,4517683,7496,828 200580,04557,41710,4608224,0537,337 200688,06863,48711,5718794,3457,891 200796,80870,14112,8109364,6528,464 2008106,59177,58814,2221,0035,0189,065. Total Number of Vehicle Registrations in India from 2001 to 2008 Investment in Automobile Sector Nearly every automobile company is investing at a higher rate than ever before to achieve a high growth trajectory. The overall investment in the sector has been increasing quite rapidly. It is expected that by the end of 2010 Indian automobile sector will be investing a huge amount as Rs. 30,000 crores. Top ten players in the Indian automobile sector:- The domestic players as well as the foreign players dominate the Indian automobile sector. The key players contributing to the growth of the sector are discussed below. The key players in Indian automobile industry are: 1) Maruti Udyog Limited 2) Hero Motors Limited 3) Tata Group 4) Bajaj Auto Limited 5) Mahindra Group 6) Ashok Leyland 7) Yamaha Motor India 8) Hyundai Motors India Limited 9) Toyota Kirloskar Motor Private Limited 10) Honda Siel Cars India Limited Growth in the Sector At present the industry is enjoying a growth rate of 14-17% per annum, with domestic sales growth at 12. 8%. The growth rate is predicted to double by 2015. As it is seen, the total sales of passenger vehicles – cars, utility vehicles and multi-utility vehicles – in the year 2005 reached the mark of 1. 06 million. The current growth rate indicates that by 2012 India will overtake Germany and Japan in sales volumes. Financing schemes have become an important factor in the growth of automobile sales. More and more financial schemes are coming up with easy installment plans to lure the customers. Apart from domestic production, the industry is consistently focusing on the automobile exports. The auto component segment is contributing a lot in the export arena. The liberalized policies of the government are now making the companies go for more and more exports. The automobile exports are increasing year by year. According to the Society of Indian Automobile Manufactures (SIAM) automobile exports in the last five years are as follows:- Export trend over the last five years List of predictions for this year by looking at what the bygone year had given us. The Indian automobile industry is going through a phase of rapid change and high growth. With new projects coming up on a regular basis, the industry is undergoing technological change. The major players are expanding their plants and focusing on mass customization, mass production, etc. Domestic Sales Volumes Will Rise but Growth Could Come Down The 2010 calendar year was great for the Indian automobile industry, and sales of vehicles are expected to continue upward journey in 2011. However, the industry may not be able to copy the growth rates registered in the last two years. In the first half of 2010, the industry witnessed a steep 32% average monthly sales growth, which came down to 25% in the latter half. In addition, the year-on-year growth in sales is expected to be higher during the latter half of 2011 as compared to the growth in the first half of the year. Along with the high base effect of 2010, the awaited firm up of interest rates could also bring about the reduction in growth rates this year. Exports to Increase in 2011 Almost 65% of total automobile exports from India are two-wheelers, and as a result, performance of this segment has a major influence on overall auto export volumes. And after experiencing over 30% jump in exports in 2010, the industry is expected to register moderate growths in two-wheeler exports in 2011. Nonetheless, a competitive and aggressive approach from the original equipment manufacturers vehicle categories (commercial vehicles, passenger vehicles and two & three wheelers) would help bring an increase in overall export of vehicles from the Indian market in 2011. Additionally, there are many companies that want to make India their export hub, thereby increasing the chances of increasing exports. Healthy Economic Growth to Uplift Sales Healthy growth of the economy would drive the automobile sales in the domestic market. The chief growth drivers of the automobile industry in the Indian market would be stable economic environment, healthy IIP growth, favourable liquidity and availability of finance. Other things that would positively affect the Indian automobile industry include road network development activities, strong growth in construction activities and the expected healthy performance of the industrial sector. When it comes to personal transport vehicles, increase in disposable income and a strong line up of upcoming new launches is expected to boost demand and sales. The passenger vehicle industry (cars + utility vehicles) is expected to witness launch of as many as 30 new models/variants in 2011. Much in with 2010, 2011 will also see a lot of action in the small car segment. Sales of luxury cars is also going to grow at a fast pace. Sports utility vehicles (SUV), which have a relatively smaller market share in the Indian passenger vehicle market is also going to grow up tremendously as manufacturers have lined up 10 new model launches for the coming year. Indian car manufacturers are also doubling up their efforts to push their passenger vehicles into the rural and semi-urban markets, which would greatly enhance sales. Profit margins to improve marginally The Indian automobile is expected to record growth in revenues supported by in the domestic as well as export market. Nevertheless, as the commodity prices are expected to remain constant, the pressure on margins would increase largely. Besides, the entry of several other OEMs that have lined up elaborate investment plans is also going to benefit the industry in the domestic market. The new car launches that have been lined up for this year are going to increase expenditure on advertising and promotional activities. But that is no cause for the buyers as these companies are likely to transfer only a small part of the cost burden by increasing the car prices. Strategies that manufacturers are likely to adopt are: 1 > Commercial vehicles 2> New model launches 3> Product innovation would take prime importance to create new market segments 4> Launch new cars for the international market 5> Easy car finance options for potential customers 6> Competitive pricing Key Success Factors. The Key Success factors in the Motor Vehicle Manufacturing industry are: Efficiency factor – Improve labour productivity, labour flexibility, and capital efficiency Resource Availability – Quality manpower availability, infrastructure improvements, and raw material availability Effective cost controls – Close relationship with supplies and goods distribution channels. Establishment of export markets – Growth of export markets Having an extensive distribution/collection network – Goods distribution channels. Successful industrial relations policy – Ethical and tactical industrial relations Access to the latest available and most efficient technology and techniques – The degree of investment in technological improvements and product development Optimum capacity utilisation – The level of plant utilisation Management of high quality assets portfolio – Understanding implications from Government policies References:- Wikipedia Rcnos. com Managementparadise. com www. carazoo. com siamindia. com automobileindia. com.

Environmental problems Essay

in that location are numerous environmental problems facing our planet at the moment. Economic sphericalisation is causing destruction of rainforests in south-central America while boring a hole through the oz i layer, global break up occurs beca using up of the increased emissions by transport and industries, melting of polar ice-caps is threatening low-lying coastal areas, damage of marine resources through overfishing is victorious place, acid rain and pollution of dent and groundwater resources results from using chemicals and artificial fertilisers to boost tog output, incidence of hurri understructurees and other natural disasters is increasing. at that place is little consensus within both academic and lay circles as to whether the nature is open to cope with the environmental problems itself. In my opinion, ecosystems seduce a great potential of restoring the call forth of natural balance however, the devastating make for of the adult male has signifi stacktly undermined this ability. At the wrap up of the 21st century, environmental problems are looming large, and many an(prenominal) processes are already irreversible.For instance, species that became extinct collectable to mans activity could ware been essential elements of certain food chain and habitants. The frequency of large-scale natural calamities, curiously in the places that have been for a presbyopic time considered relatively safe, is a sexual relation manifestation of the inability of nature to have got its balanced state. Yet the film argues that right away is exactly the day when the humanity ordure redeem its attitude to nature and keep on a global catastrophe.Therefore, the need for a different start to the relations amongst the mankind and environment is necessary. It is imperative to turn back on conservation and purification activities pair with a persistent effort by both businesses and individuals to reduce (and, under the fantasy scenario, to stop ) their environmentally damaging activities. Both individuals and corporations can make a considerable character to stopping (or at least mental retardation down) the degradation of the environment.In fact, many individuals seldom realize how their consumption patters are change to the aggravation of the situation. The culture of consumerism that constitutes the underlying school of thought of the West fuels unnecessary overproduction reconsidering ones consumption pattern can be the first step on the long way of saving the footing. As Hertsgaard (2000) argues, the adoption of Western consumerist lifestyle by developing nations poses great dangers and has to be halt before it firmly catches on.Such an flak implies not only reduction in consumption of non-essential goods and services but besides buying from companies that are known to use environmentally-benign technologies in the process of production. The question as to who will suffer first, the Earth or the humans, is inc orrect in its essence. Such persuasion about the environment is the root apparent motion of the imminent crisis. It is a fatal drift to think that man is the king of nature. Indeed, our disconnection from the nature resulted in the great grad of alienation and ignorance.While human species is an inhering part of the Earths global ecosystems, men prefer to view themselves as outsiders, superior to other species. Such approach brought about the overexploitation of the Earths resources, considerable environmental damage, and global warming. As Hertsgaard (2000) argues, in many countries, like in Sudan, environmental problems are inherently and explicitly linked to survival through the sum of food and drinking water.In China, pollution at factories equally harms humans and nature. The hereafter of our planet in 50 age is solely dependent on the measures the humankind implements now to prevent the imminent crisis. Hertsgaard (2000) associates hopes with sore environmentally frie ndly industries such as solar power. Given the changing attitudes towards environmental problems, growing awareness, and public policy commitment to betterment of our natural habitat, the outlook for the Earth is not as grim as some doomsayers think.