Exploration Of The Matthew Shepard Event Essay -- Homosexuality Crime

Exploration Of The Matthew Shepard EventThe human luggage compartment is an object in which one lives and the medium through which one experiences oneself and the world. Claims on political orientation and space are ultimately vested in the human body, and thus conflicts about belief systems and territory are often contested violently on forcible bodies. dauntless bodies become entangled in violence when they enter into arenas that combat certain ideas. Gay bashing illustrates incidences all in which bodies experience physical injury. In new-fangled U.S. communities various militant conservatives target homosexuals in jocund bashing. Mathew Shepards brutal murder in 1998 illustrates a relatively recent incident in which the human body becomes politicized. What is the process by which the pain and death of Shepards body transform the personal to the political? What does gay bashing mean to attackers, victims and their communities? If gay bashing is about violence and being gay i s at least partially about sex, then what is the relationship between them? What framework att quits to both the sexual and nonsexual activities among contemporary American males? In amidst Men, Eve Sedgwick sleds light on the boundaries separating sexual and nonsexual male relationships. According to the author, homosocial and homosexual do not necessarily have to occupy two different, non-overlapping spheres. Homosocial desire, to engender with, is a kind of oxymoron. Homosocial is a word . . . that describes social bonds between persons of the same sex it is a neologism, apparently formed with analogy with homosexual, and just as obviously meant to distinguish from homosexual (Sedgwick 19851). Sedgwick contends that it would be more useful to view homosocial and homosexu... ...riarchy is the right of men to impinge on on women while remaining safe from not being hit on by anyone else, especially another man. Patriarchy, imbued with hierarchical meanings, gives heterosexual men something to loose. As practiced in contemporary America, patriarchy uses homophobia as structural support. Gay bashing exemplifies homosocial behaviors contribution to US patriarchy. The human body is both an object in which one lives and a site of political articulation. The struggles within many societies begin and end within the terrain of the human body, which though has no referential meaning becomes embodied by meaning within context that ultimately has a stake in the body. . Works Cited1. Kaufman, Moises. 2001. The Laramie Project. New York First Vintage Books.2. Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. 1985. Between Men. New York Columbia University Press.

Cheating :: essays research papers

CheatingCheating, Weve tot anyy done it at least once in our lives, in all types of situations. Its human nature to want to win, and some of us will go against the rules to do so. It can be harmless, but in many cases it is annoying, or up to now hurtful. So, why was cheating and certain zone hacks become such a large problem in the Age games? Anonymity plays a big ruin in this. Behind the buffer zone of a computer screen and several hundred miles of telephone wire, people dont have to worry about upsetting somebody else by playing unfairly, cheating, or exploiting bugs. Its also easy its far easier to vote download a hack, and get an advantage in a game than to truly practice and become good. For example, way back when I was playing a lot of AoE over the Zone. I faced up against a player with a name such as CrackDevilz or something similar. Two minutes after the game started he had sent an attack with an obscene amounts of units, all the while derisive and even boasting abou t his ability to cheat. Another factor that adds to this problem is the lack of maturity or even common courtesy in many of the players in the Age community. They simply dont care about wasting other peoples time, upsetting others, or unbalancing a ladder or league system that someone has put a lot of time into creating. When these people do cheat, they often do not refrain from crude insults or taunts. This isnt a problem for experient players most people I know would just simply laugh at the idiocy of their opponent, but for new players, it can be pretty disheartening. In many ways these cheaters can have a very bad effect on the Age games. Some new players can actually be scared off or even turned away from a game simply from a single bad experience. They may assume all players they will meet are immature and rude, and just not put any time into trying to play the game again. This line of thought leads into some other problem found in the zone. The rating system To be honest, I dont like it players become too obsessed with there ratings. claim you ever lost a game and went DAMN IT not necessarily because you lost, but because when you look at your nick again it will be down 8 points.

Athenagoras Essay -- Christian Apologist Biography Bio

ATHENAGORASAthenagoras was a Christian apologist who flourished in the second half(prenominal) of the second century CE. Two extant works, the Plea on Behalf of Christians and On the Resurrection of the Dead, have traditionally been attributed to him.HIS LIFEAthenagoras does not appear in the ecclesiastical histories of either Eusebius, Socrates, or Sozomen. Methodius (d. 311 CE) is the only ante-Nicene writer to mention Athenagoras Methodius From the Discourse on the Resurrection 1.7 refers to Athenagoras Plea 24. The only other early witness to Athenagoras is Philip of Side, a deacon of Chrysostom, who lived during the fifth century. fit in to a fourteenth century codex, Philip wrote, Athenagoras was the first to head the school in Alexandria. He flourished at the time of Hadrian and Antoninus, to both of whom he addressed his Plea on Behalf of Christians. He became a Christian while he wore the philosophers cloak and was at the head of the Academy. Even before Celsus he was anx ious to write against the Christians. ... (Migne PG vi.182 English edition in Schoedel ix).These meager references comprise our entire biographical knowledge of Athenagoras, apart from the material found in his extant writings. The Arethas Codex (914 CE) and three other manuscripts tick the same introductory ascription A plea for Christians by Athenagoras the Athenian philosopher and Christian. To the emperors Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus, conquerors of Armenia and Sarmatia, and more than all, philosophers. Philip mentions that Athenagoras flourished during the time of Hadrian and Antoninus, but the Arethas introduction places him in the reigns of Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Aurelius Commodus. Ph... ...e Fathers, vol. 2. Grand Rapids Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1954.Rauch, James L. Grecian Logic and Philosophy and the Problem of Authorship in Athenagoras. Ph.D diss., University of Chicago, 1961.Ruprecht, Louis A., Jr. Athenagoras the Christian, Pausanius t he Travel Guide, and a Mysterious Corinthian Girl. Harvard Theological Review 85 (1992) 35-49.Schoedel, William R. Athenagoras Legatio and De Resurrectione. Oxford Oxford University Press, 1972.Schwartz, Eduard. Athenagorae Libellus pro Christianis, Oratio de Resurrectione cadaverum. Leipzig J. C. Hinrichs, 1891.Vermander, Jeane-Marie. Celse et lattribution a Athnagore dun ouvrage sur la rsurrection des morts. Melanges de Science Religieuse 35 (1978) 125-134.Zeegers-Vander Vorst, Nicole. La paternit athnagorienne du De rsurrection. Revue dHistoire Ecclsiastique 87 (1992) 334-374.

A Worn Path :: essays research papers

A Worn PathThe short story, A Worn Path, is about an old Negro woman named Phoenix who travels a long distance to a town to draw medicine for her grandson. The trip is extremely long and tiresome for an old lady but she feels that it is her duty to get her laboring grandson the needed medicine. Throughout the story, Phoenix encounters dreams, harassments, sm wholly triumphs, jolts to her pride, some flights of fancy to console her, a cause to be ashamed, and a moment to dance and preen. In her journey, Phoenix experiences dreams, harassments, and small triumphs. She experienced a dream when a black dog popped out of the weeds by a ditch and advanced toward her. She posterior on found herself in the ditch. That is when her senses drifted away. She said, Old woman, that black dog come up out of the weeds to stall you off, and now there he academic term on his fine tail, smiling at you. The quote shows how she was not right in the mind after the dog attacked her. Her senses drifted away causing her to experience a dream in which she talked to herself and meditated about her life. Although the young fresh hunter who helped her get out of the ditch was sort of disrespectful, there was another person that one susceptibility find more disrespectful. The harassments she faced by means ofout her journey were found in the environment. She had to go through a series of hills and bad terrain. The part she struggled the most was through the barbed-wire fence. She had to creep and crawl, spreading her knees and stretching her fingers like a baby hard to climb the steps. The quote shows that she was having a very difficult time in trying to pass the barbed-wire fence. For a very old lady with an extremely long distance to travel, the barbed-wire fence proved to be the most stressful. It seemed like she put all of her effort and strength in able to overcome that obstacle. Phoenix experienced a small triumph toward the end of the story. She took the nickel she received from the young white hunter and combined it with the nickel that the attendant gave her. She bought a little paper windmill for her grandson with the money. She buys the windmill to please her son and make him realize that there is such(prenominal) a thing in the world.

Teaching and Education Goals :: Education Admissions Essays

Teaching and Education Goals Teaching is the most rewarding profession in the world today. Seeing a student accomplish a goal that you nominate helped them accomplish is exciting. Students learn each and every day close to different things. It is our job as a teacher to help students to learn as much as they possibly can. Not all children learn the very(prenominal) way, so it is our job to find out what the best way is for that child to learn. Learning can be fun, but the child and the teacher work at making it fun. Rousseau stated, that children are initially innocent, although self-centered, and they learn through experiences. Rousseau believed that the individual self is more important than knowing how to analyze someone. Effective learning takes place when children have hands-on experiences with what they are doing. Rousseau also believed that children are not born naturally good. Educators should show the students right from wrong by setting good examples f or them and treating them with love and respect. some children are only shown this when they are at school. I was told when deciding my field of study that becoming an educator I would have five other professions include in my title. A mother, father, doctor, counselor, and a role model. Many of the children in the world today, do not have a happy home life and they extremity the attention that a mother or father would give them. They turn to their teacher for that attention. Helping students learn as mush as they can go forth not harm them, it will make them stronger in the world. Rousseau believed that an educator should ask questions on what was studied. Keeping the students mind working helps keep the students learning. Children are like reversible batteries, once they run down, dont throw them away, recharge them and let them run again. They will surprise you with what they can do.

Teaching and Education Goals :: Education Admissions Essays

Teaching and Education Goals Teaching is the most rewarding profession in the world today. Seeing a student accomplish a goal that you have helped them accomplish is exciting. Students learn each and every day about disparate things. It is our job as a teacher to help students to learn as much as they possibly can. Not all children learn the same way, so it is our job to find out what the best way is for that child to learn. Learning can be fun, but the child and the teacher work at making it fun. Rousseau stated, that children be initially innocent, although self-centered, and they learn through experiences. Rousseau believed that the individual self is more important than knowing how to analyze someone. Effective learning takes place when children have hands-on experiences with what they are doing. Rousseau also believed that children are not born naturally good. Educators should show the students right from wrong by setting good examples for them and treating t hem with love and respect. Some children are only shown this when they are at school. I was told when deciding my field of study that becoming an educator I would have five other professions included in my title. A mother, father, doctor, counselor, and a role model. Many of the children in the world today, do not have a happy home life and they need the aid that a mother or father would give them. They turn to their teacher for that attention. Helping students learn as mush as they can will not harm them, it will make them stronger in the world. Rousseau believed that an educator should ask questions on what was studied. Keeping the students mind working helps keep the students learning. Children are like rechargeable batteries, at a time they run down, dont throw them away, recharge them and let them run again. They will surprise you with what they can do.

Disease in the News

The article Tuberculosis in Africa- Combating an human immunodeficiency virus-Drive Crisis is written by a Dr. Richard E. Chaisson, a medical doctor and Dr. Neil A. Martinson, deputy conductor for the Perinatal HIV Research unit of measurement at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa (Chaisson and Martinson, 2008 ). According to the biography sketch of Dr. Chaisson listed at the website of CREATE (Consortium to Respond Effectively to the support TB Epidemic), Dr.Chaisson is a professor of Medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and is currently a director for the Center for Tuberculosis Research and the Clinical contraceptive device TB gains in Baltimore City Health Department (Consortium to Respond Effectively to the help TB Epidemic 2008). He graduated summa cum laude from the University of mammy and studied medicine from the University of Massachusetts Medical School in 1982 (2008). From then on, Chaisson interned at the University of Califor nia, interning at the Moffitt Hospital. (2008).Previous to his current position at Johns Hopkins, Dr. Chaisson was the director for the AIDS Service of Johns Hopkins Hospital (2008). He also served as attending physician in the AIDS Division of The Medical Service in San Francisco General Hospital (2008). Likewise, he has written more than 50 case reports, peer and non-peer reviewed articles on topics concerning HIV and tuberculosis (2008). Needless to say, his educational and professional background in tuberculosis and AIDS make him a credible source for this article which focuses on tuberculosis and AIDS.On the other hand, Neil Martinson, as stated earlier, is a deputy director for the Perinatal HIV Research Unit at a university in South Africa (Chaisson and Martinson, 2008). Aside from his, Martinson is a Research Associate for the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, JHU Center for TB Research (Consortium to Respond Effectively to the AIDS TB Epidemic 2008). Martinsons credential a s listed from the CREATE website state that Martinson took up his bachelors degree from the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa, obtained his Membership of the force of General Practitioners (MFGP) in College of Medicine in South Africa (2008).Furthermore, he completed his post- doctorate studies at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health (2008). Prior to his present position, Dr. Martinson served for the Johannesburg biotic community and the Johannesburg Urban Environmental Management (2008). He has since co-written peer-reviews research articles and non peer-reviewed publications on AIDS, focalisation primarily of the South African health status (2008). While Dr. Chaissons fortes be tuberculosis and AIDS, Dr. Martinsons strong points gear towards AIDS and South Africa.This makes Drs. Chaisson and Martinson credible in writing such article. Tuberculosis in Africa- Combating an HIV-Drive Crisis appeared in the New England daybook of Medicine o n its Volume 358 (Chaisson and Martinson 2008). The journal is a weekly medical journal publishing review articles and medical research findings on areas such as immunology, cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, hematology, kidney disease, oncology, pulmonary disease, rheumatology, HIV and infectious diseases (New England Journal of Medicine, 2008).The article tackles the growing tuberculosis outbreak in Africa, a dangerous disease driven yet another(prenominal) perilous epidemic in the nation- AIDS and how it is being dealt with (Chaisson and Martinson, 2008). The article starts off by stating that Africa is facing the worst tuberculosis epidemic, one that is driven by the HIV prevalence (Chaisson and Martinson, 2008). The authors cited a World Health Organization (WHO) data affirming the status of tuberculosis incidence in African nations (29% of total global cases) (2008).It also exclaimed, establish on two separate studies, that tuberculosis is the most common coexisting condition in deaths occurring in people with AIDS (2008). Said studies were published in 2002. The article was written just this year, in March. While the studies proved to be useful in preparing the article, this reviewer feels that the assertion would have been more forceful had the authors include studies that are up to date. For one, the WHO citation came from a 2007 WHO report. It is without a doubt, an updated report.The impact is still fresh. The article talks of a prevalent epidemic so it is rather meaning(a) to have bread and butter data that are latest. Earlier studies would only serve as basis for comparison. In the article, the authors explained how tuberculosis and HIV are associated (2008). The explanation is alone stated and since this article is intended for a medical journal, this critic thinks that the explanation is written well, no beating around the bush. Instead, the elucidation is done matter of fact.There is no need for supporting statement or evidence sin ce the article is targeted for those in the field of medicine. Hence, an explanation like this is something that they know of well. They probably memorize it. Since the disease is focusing only on Africa, the authors are competent to provide a national perspective on the epidemic. Figures culled from Africa-related studies are enumerated, making it plain for the readers to realize that that this article is rough Africa related incident alone.The focus is Africa so the authors did not include statistics from other countries. This provides a clear focus on the subject. The authors also explained how the nation is dealing with the epidemic. They verbalise that while NGOs have helped tremendously in solving Africas health plague, a huge chunk of the money is allocated from HIV and not for tuberculosis. There is no supporting evidence to back this statement. Hence, this reviewer believes that this bold statement would have made more impact had the authors gave further corroboration.Ho wever, this critic also believes that this would have been uncorrectable to make. Funding agencies would probably just state that they are donating money to help Africa solve its health problems and that would encompass HIV, tuberculosis, etc. A donation is still a donation and any help extended should be received with gratitude. Perhaps, it would have been easy if further studies regarding HIV-driven tuberculosis deaths are published. By then, prospective donors would be the world-class to extend their arms in funding.The authors enumerated ways on how Africa could deal with this dilemma taking on new strategies regarding its health care system. They also cited WHOs intervention. Additionally, they listed a study conducted in 2005 on the impact of antiretroviral therapy involving HIV infected patients in Brazil. This is promising, especially for those directly involved with the African health care system. It is good that the authors include this recent development for it would b e something that Africa could look into.On the whole, the article is well-written. It is easy to read. The organization of data is presented in a way that the readers, technical or non-technical, would be able to follow it. Furthermore, the authors are two authorities in their respective fields and that alone makes them credible in writing such piece. The statements (majority) are backed with supporting evidence. They did not claim on how to eradicate the outbreak. They merely provided suggestions, again with evidence, on how it could be done.

Limitations and Constraints of Marketing Essay

In this assignment I ordain describe the limitations and constraints of marting for Barclays. Within this I will discuss legal Acts that Barclays have to combine with when advertising, collecting data and market researching.Any and every organisation has limitations and constraints that they have to submit too within marketing, when it comes to market research, advertising or collecting data there are three laws every business has to obey. These laws areData Protection Act 1998 clientele definition Act 1968Consumer Credit Act 1974Data Protection Act 1998The Data Protection Act controls how your personal in runation is engross by businesses or the government. the great unwashed who are responsible for using data have to follow strict rules c all tolded Data Protection Principles. This means they must make sure the information is used fairly and lawfully, specifically stated purposes and used in a way that is acceptable, relevant and not excessive. All information has to be accurat e and kept rubber eraser and secure.Any companies that keep information on living and identifiable people, all must comply with the Data Protection Act this has to apply to all com specifyerised or manual records containing personal information about people.Barclays Bank will use this information, with them having accounts on students etc. they will use their information to send out any fictional character of services or offers the bank is promoting, this is a form of advertising. Barclays may also use this information for market research, for example if the bank wants a surveil of consumers opinions on a new service or if they would be interested in a new service, they can send questions, surveys to the information they have.Trade Description Act 1968Merchandise Marks laws were replaced with The Trade Descriptions Act this came into place on 20 November 1968, the laws and this new Act dealt with mis-description of goods and its particular job is to ensure that organisations he rald the truth about goods, prices and services.This Act makes it an offence if a company uses misguided trade descriptions to any of their goods and services, this Acts purpose is stop businesses advertising goods or services with false proposition. This Act covers a lot from the quantity, size or measure of goods how they were made or processed what they are made of when they were made their fitness for purpose strength, performance, behavior or accuracy and any other physical characteristics.Barclays will have to obey to this law, they cannot sell, promote a service with false intent. The Student Additions Accounts will have to meet to their description alongside the features included into the account have to be accurate and precise. Consumer Credit ActThe Consumer Credit Act was put into effect in 1974, it requires organisations that loan money to consumers or offer merchandise or services on credit or participate in reliable additional credit activities, have to be licensed by the OFT. If a company traded without a license, it would then lead to court case, not having your license or following this act is a criminal offence and can result in a fine or imprisonment.This act regulates consumer credits and insures content and form of credit agreement, procedures relating to events of default, termination or early settlement, credit advertising, method of calculating annual percentage rate (APR) and section 75 which gives consumers extra protection on items that cost over 100 and up to 30.000 paid by credit card.Before Barclays give out their services to consumers they will assess theircreditworthiness, they will use sufficient information obtained from a customer and a credit reference agency. Once a regulated agreement is in place, Barclays Bank will comply with the law and follow the act.Advertising Standards Authority (ASA)The ASA are an industry that deals with most types of ads, they deal with peoples complaints about advertisements, anything that pe ople may find inappropriate, offensive, irresponsible or potentially harmful. Once a complaint has been made the ASA will do all it can to get the advertisement removed or changed. The types of ads they deal with include powder magazine and newspaper advertisementsRadio and TV commercialsTelevision Shopping ChannelsAdvertisements on the Internet.Commercial e-mail and SMS text message adsPosters on legitimate poster sitesLeaflets and brochures celluloid commercialsDirect mailDoor drops and circularsAds on CD ROMs, DVD and video, and faxesSales promotions, such as special offers, prize draws and competitions wherever they appear. The ASA will help businesses same Barclays produce adverts that will not be misled and will meet principles and meet standards to a fair nature, these ads should be truthful and responsible. When a company produces any type of advertisement they have to make sure images, scripts they use are acceptable otherwise there ads could be removed or told to change. at that place are certain(a) things that the ASA do not find acceptable alongside consumers, such as binge drinking, concerns of obesity, smoking all markets should be aware. Pressure groups are people who all have a strong opinion on something and act upon it if an organisation produced something a pressure group did not agree with it would have a cast out impact against the company.ConsumerismConsumerism is a movement for people consumerism protects the customer against useless, inferior, or dangerous products, misleading advertising and unfair pricing. It is rights for all customers to have their say, before 1960 consumers had very low rights, now the law has changed and consumers have a lot more.This was put into place because of consumers wanting to be heard, they wanted a right to choose and to be informed. There are certain things consumers can find offensive or unacceptable, when a marketer makes advertisement they have to be careful about use of language, blasphemy, in separable humour and false sayings.When an organisation like Barclays produces any type of advertising they have to comply with all laws and consumerism, businesses will do this for their own safety as well as customers.

Assessment of Developmental Stages of a Child

The significance of milestones Milestones are usually grouped to arrayher in five major areas which are to be assessed during the growth and exploitation of a nipper. They are corporal growth, cognitive development, langu duration development, and sensory and motor development. The assessment of the carnal development of a pip-squeak is very important during the growth and development of a electric razor from infancy to adolescence and also the later courses, it helps in that it allows the parents of the shaver as well as health care workers to see if there are any abnormalities in the child during this period of time.The assessment of the cognitive development of the child is also very important in order to detect if the child has any difficulties in learning, grasping and understanding concepts such(prenominal) as dyslexia. Social and ablaze development should also be assessed in order to see how well the child can interact with peers and other persons in order to determin e if the child has or will have a phobia in the later years of his or her development.The study was conducted in the presence of a nine year old child where in all the following areas of development were observed physical development, cognitive development, and social and emotional development. The cerebrate why this specific age was selected was because it would have provided more opportunity for the detective to observe and assess the different areas of development vastly and on a wider scale. Letters were sent to the parents of the child explaining the reason of the research and the different areas that were being observed.The researcher presented herself in a modest way so that the child would feel a sense of comfort piece under observation. The study was conducted over a four day period where the following findings were observed. Day One On day one the area of snap was physical development. The writer started out by assessing Amanda (not her real name) who is nine years old , she weighs ninety pounds and measures 4feet 9inches. Being that she is nine years old, she has passed the some of her milestones which includes posing up and bun over.The researcher also asked the parents of the child other questions such as at what age did she start creeping? At what age did she start creeping? At what age she began sitting up on her own? Among a host of other questions pertaining to her growth and development physically. This was to find out if the child had any physical disabilities during her earlier stages of growing and developing. The writer further went on to investigate how much the child could follow instructions. As a result the child was then asked to get dressed both formally and informally.The instructions were followed accordingly. She was suitable to dress herself properly this allowed the researcher to see how well the child can follow instructions when given. She is able to understand, analyze and follow the directions when given. After looking at how the child followed instructions in regards to getting dressed, the researcher went on to observe how the child manipulated objects. This was done by placing the child in an area where different types of objects were present. She was able to differentiate between shapes and the objects that were present.Jigsaw puzzles were realized, shapes were recognized and the child was able to identify other objects in and around the re form area. This indicated that the child while at play displayed great sensory motor skills and can use them effectively she also seems to be well alert and has a great sense of humor she also seems to deal with different types of situations how they ought to be dealt with. Day Two On day two the researchers chief(prenominal) area of focus was on cognitive development, this area of focus is mainly linked to Piagets theory of cognitive development.Jean Piagets theory of cognitive development focuses on four stages. They are sensory motor, pre trading op erations, concrete operations and formal operations. Piaget observed that cognitive development refers to changes that occur in an individuals cognitive structure, ability to process from childhood to adulthood. Piaget went on to state that at this stage (concrete operations 7-11), the child should be able to conceptualize effectively, solve problems easily and create logics based on his or her cognitive experiences.The child observed was able to have discussions on a more logical basis and gave positive responses. The child was able to sit with the researcher and have discussions about her life as a little girl. She was asked different questions such as what she would like to become in the future? How big would she like her plate to be? What type of car would she like to own? Among others, she gave positive responses and seems to be well prepared for her future.She gave response such as I would like to become a doctor and have my own business running different from my career such as a super market or a toy store for little kids, I would also like to own a three story house with two Toyota motor vehicles and my house is going to be surrounded by some big pit bull dogs and will be under xx four hour security protection. The researcher noted how effective the child was able to use the English language. She speaks the English Language fluently for a child her age.Many factors though is said to have contributed to this as the mother recalls that during her pregnancy, she read a lot. The child is provided with the proper printed resources and education friendly. The child is also provided with games that will grow her memory she has both printed and electronically inclined games to enhance her memory. This type of environment enables her to gain the knowledge and necessary skills required to be able to 1) reason effectively, 2) solve problems effectively, 3)explore the environment. 4) have a good memory.The child was endlessly corrected whenever she makes a mis take. Hence, the child has a full advantage of how to speak English language as to Creole which is dominant in her community. In Piagets theory of cognitive development the child has passed the first two stages which are sensory motor (stage one) and pre operations (stage two). The child is presently at the concrete operations which she is almost completed all the activities that are to be done at this stage effectively. Day three and Four The area of focus on days three and four were social and emotional development.Social and emotional development is a very important saying of development in a childs life. It is commonly harder to pinpoint than other signs of development such as physical development. This area emphasizes many skills that summation self-awareness and self-regulation The researcher observed the child while she was interacting with some of her friends that came over to her house, since this was the most convenient to the researcher as well as to the child. Based on the observations the child seems to have communicated well and had no difficulty responding and interacting with her peers.At play the child seemed to be enthused and played well with her friends. She seemed to be the leader of everything they did in their peer group and was always quick to correct her friends whenever any of them made any mistakes. This is a clear indication that Amanda has no difficulties when interacting with her peers, and also seem to have pleasure during interaction with others. During repast time, the researcher had the opportunity to sit with the family for a few minutes to observe Amanda at meal time.She seems to have good etiquettes and knows how to conduct herself when she is around the table and was correcting her smaller sister when she did not conform to the table rules. She was also sharing with her parents what her teacher taught her at school about dos and donts while sitting around the table at meal time. She was able to maneuver the knife and fork properly and she was enthused in sharing some of the family traditions and norms that were passed down to her by her family with the researcher she also gave her view point on them when asked.She seems to have good communicating skills and enjoys interaction with her peers, family and also with others. When interacting with her friend she explained to them that she does not like to be shouted at also whenever her mother talks to her in a rough manner he goes to sit by herself and appears to be sad. Whenever her father comes in from work she normally runs to him and gives him a big hug. This shows that the child is emotionally attached to her parents.

Perfect competition Essay

Monopoly is the final type of market structure in which a single vender dominates trade in a good or service for which buyers displace find no close substitutes. A monopoly is distringuished from a monospony, in which there is single one buyer of a product or service. It can also have a monopsony control of a sector of a market. All types of Monopolies can be established by a government, form by integration. The way Monopoly derive their market power is from a berrier to entry. There are three major(ip) tpes of barriers to entry which are the economic, legal, and deliberate.Im going to tell you how each one works and what it is helpful more. First, the economic barriers include economies of scale, capital requirements, cost advantages, and the technological superiority. Secondly, are the well-grounded barriers. It can provide opportunity to monopolise the marker of a good. Lastly, is the Deliberate actions whivh a company has been wanting to monopolise a market may operate on in various types of deliberate action to exclude competitos or eliminate competition.Market structures are very important in Monopoly. It provides he basis topics such(prenominal) as industrial organization and economics of regulation. Traditional economic analysis, perect competition, monopolictic competition, oligololy, and monopoly are the four types of market structures. Monopoly versus war-ridden markets is a challenge. They are similar due to the occurrence that they both minimize costs and maximize profit. Presiding over eachothers territory can cost millions.Many governments regulate monopolies because a monopoly market lacks the benefts of competition. The U. S. Governement appiles laws against monopoly behavior by Microsoft not allowing big companies in some industries. The Government permits certain monoplies in exchange for regulating their activites. A pure monopoly has the same exact economic retionailty of perfectly competitive companies. Total revenue and total cost maximizes a monopol over a chose of the cost.

Early Detection Of Perinatal Asphyxia Health And Social Care Essay

Meconium staining amnionic swimming ( MSAF ) is associated with tonss of inauspicious result and has unyielding been considered to be a bad forecaster of foetal result. Meconium inclination syndrome ( MAS ) is often associated with foetal hypoxia which promotes meconium discharge in amnionic eloquent, panting and aspiration of MSAF, and besides alterations in the vascular muscular media of pneumonic arterias of the foetus. Ab disclose 30 to 50 % of MAS required mechanized airing or uninterrupted positive air passage result per unit ara ( CPAP ) .Aim This retrospective contemplate was undertaken to happen out conterminous foetal result in meconium stained spirits in relation to perinatal insensibility.MATERIAL AND METHOD It was a retrospective field of study. We reviewed the medical records of all Neonates admitted to neonatal intensive charge unit ( NICU ) between 1st September 2011 to 31st July 2012 at NICU of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Nepal. Gestational age of babes & lt 37weeks are coded as pre bourne, & gt 42weeks as station marge and 37 to 42 hebdomads as term. Chi square trial run and Binary logistic arrested development were used for the analysis. We calculated betting odds ratios ( OR ) and their 95 % assurance intervals ( 95 % CI ) . P-valueConsequence Out of 399 entire admittances in NICU, priapic ( 62.4 % ) showed preponderance as compared to fe mannish ( 37.6 % ) , among which 6.8 % were instances of MAS, doing fe antheral ( 10.7 % ) more(prenominal) flat compared to male ( 4.4 % ) while perinatal stupefaction came out to be 11.5 % , doing male ( 12 % ) more prone to female ( 10.7 % ) . Post term odds ratio=3.50 ( CI 0.39, 31.42 ) and term odds ratio=2.58 ( CI 1.16, 5.75 ) babes were retentiveness more hazard of develop MAS compared to preterm ( P & lt 0.01 ) . Post term odds ratio=9.15 ( CI 1.91, 43.75 ) and term odds ratio=2.67 ( CI 1.41, 5.08 ) babes were holding more hazard of growth perinatal syncope compare d to preterm ( P & lt 0.01 ) . MAS babe is holding 6.62 ( CI 2.85, 15.38 ) times hazard of developing perinatal asphyxia ( p & lt 0.01 ) .Decision MAS is a perinatal job which requires a full co-operation and coordination of Obstetrician and Pediatrician if it is to be avoided. Prompt and efficient bringing room direction can minimise the sequeale of aspirated meconium and diminish the opportunity of perinatal asphyxia.KEYWORDS Meconium aspiration syndrome ( MAS ) , Perinatal asphyxia, NICU, PaediatricBackground In the early 2000, the preponderance of MAS ranged from 0.20 % to 0.54 % in the general population 2-4 and from 1.0 % to 6.8 % in babies born through MSAF 1, 2-4 . A reappraisal of 10 studies published from 1990 to 1998 showed a combined incidence of 13.1 % for MSAF, 0.52 % of MAS, 4.2 % of MAS among MSAF, and 49.7 % of MAS necessitating ventilatory support with a 4.6 % mortality rate 3 .However, big population-based surveies were scarce and suggested a lower inciden ce of MAS the national US birth cohort survey conducted on the footing of singleton term non-Hispanic white unrecorded births ( 1995-2001 ) showed that the rate of MAS markedly increased with maternalismal age ( GA ) , that is, from 0.10 % at 37 hebdomads gestation period ( WG ) to 0.22 and 0.31 % at 40 and 41 WG, several(prenominal)ly 5 . The prevalence of MAS could be extrapolated to 0.18 % in this population of term babies. In Australia, the rate of MAS necessitating automatonlike airing in flat III units ranged between 0.024 to 0.046 % at 36-40 WG and so increased to 0.080 % at 41 WG and 0.14 % at 42 WG 6 . In France, the prevalence of automatically ventilated MAS was estimated to 0.043 % by a retrospective national study among newborns born in 2000-2001 7 .Meconium-stained amnionic fluid occurs in about 13 % of unrecorded births. Meconium aspiration syndrome ( MAS ) occurs in 5 to 10 % of babies born through meconium-stained amnionic fluid. When MAS occurs, at that pl ace is an addition in neonatal mortality and morbidity. Great betterment has been made in the betterment of endurance of babies with MAS. Great advancement in direction has been made since outset description of the pathophysiology and hapless result of babies with MAS in 1975. 8 These include improved intrapartum and post-delivery direction of MAS. Although there is a important lessening in the happening of MAS and associated mortality in developed states MAS remains a study job in developing states.Meconium, the faecal stuff that accumulates in the fetal colon throughout gestation, is a term derived from the Greek mekoni, intending poppy juice or opium. It is a unfertile, densely, black-green, odourless stuff foremost spy in the foetal bowel during the 3rd month of gestation. Meconium consequences from the accretion of dust, including desquamated cellular phones from the bowel and tegument, GI mucin, lanugo hair, fatty stuff from the vernix caseosa, amnionic fluid and enter ic secernments. The black-green colour consequences from bile pigments. 9, 10 Most babies have their first intestine motion after birth ( within the first 24 to 48 hour after birth ) . Occasionally a foetus can go through meconium in uteri. Aspiration of meconium and amnionic fluid can go on during any point of the labour and bringing. The foetus could draw out this mixture of fluids while they are still in the womb, culmination through the birth canal, or when they take their first breathe after birth. This is referred to as Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ( MAS ) .MAS is an of import cause of respiratory bruise in the term neonate, is a serious status with high morbidity and mortality. 11,12 The pathophysiology is complex and non good defined, including airway obstructor, pneumonic high blood pressure, epithelial hurt, surfactant inactivation, and redness. 11,13 Fetal asphyxia 14 and infection are suggested to be chief causative agents. 15,16 Meconium produces inflammator y responses in both carnal theoretical accounts and neonates with MAS. 17 After intratracheal instillment of meconium in animate beings, there is an intense pneumonic inflammatory reaction with inflow of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and T cells within a few hours. The production of proinflammatorycytokines further propagates parenchymal lung cell hurt, 18,19 and apoptotic epithelial cells are present in meconium containing lungs. 20,21 MAS is a disease of the term and near-term baby that is associated with considerable respiratory morbidity. The disease is characterized by early oncoming of respiratory hurt in a meconium-stained baby, with hapless lung conformity and hypoxemia clinically and patchy opacification and hyperinflation radiographically. 22, 23 At least one tierce of babies with MAS require cannulation and mechanical airing, 24, 25 and newer neonatal therapies, such as high-frequency airing ( HFV ) , inhaled azotic oxide ( iNO ) , and surf actant disposal are frequently brought into drama. 26, 27 In the past few decennaries, there seems to hold been a decrease in the incidence of MAS in many centres, at least in the developed universe. 25, 28, 29 The evident decrease in the hazard of MAS has been attributed to better obstetric patterns, in peculiar, turning away of postmaturity and expeditious bringing where fetal hurt has been far-famed. 28 AimThis retrospective survey was undertaken to happen out immediate foetal result in meconium stained spirits in relation to perinatal asphyxia.MATERIALS AND METHODS Study design and the participantsIt was a infirmary based retrospective experimental survey conducted in the Department of Paediatrics, Manipal College of Medical Sciences ( MCOMS ) , Kathmandu University. Manipal learning infirmary ( MTH ) is a third attention infirmary in pokhara metropolis of Nepal and it is a good facilitated and equipped infirmary for patients with neonatal intensive attention unit ( NICU ) . It was chosen for the survey because Manipal learning infirmary is a third attention 825 bedded infirmary and it was expected that most of the patients will come to this infirmary from Western Nepal.DATA COLLECTION This survey was carried out from 1ST SEPTEMBER 2011to 31st JULY, 2012. The survey population included patients admitted in Pediatrics NICU from different parts of Pokhara, Nepal. After obtaining the permission from the caput of the piece, information was collected from the medical record section of the patient from NICU. The variable collected were Age, sex, weight, manner of bringing and gestational age. Sum of 399 instances were included in the survey holding both meconium aspiration syndrome, perinatal asphyxia and other neonatal infections.INCLUSION CRITERIAGestational age of babes & lt 37weeks are coded as preterm, & gt 42weeks as station term and 37 to 42 hebdomads as term.SAMPLE SIZE CALCULATION To be added subsequentlyResult VariablesTo happen out immediate f oetal result in meconium stained spirits in relation to perinatal asphyxia.Explanatory VariablesFactors at single degree are gestational age and sex.ETHICAL COMMITTEE APPROVALPredating the survey, blessing for the survey was obtained from the institutional research ethical commission.DATA MANAGEMENT AND STATISTICAL ANALYSISAnalysis was done utilizing descriptive statistics and proving of hypothesis. The information was analyzed utilizing Excel 2003, R 2.8.0, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ( SPSS ) for Windows Version 16.0 ( SPSS Inc Chicago, IL, USA ) and the EPI Info 3.5.1 Windows Version. A p-value of & lt 0.05 ( two-tailed ) was used to set up statistical significance. 30, 31 Consequence Table 1 Cross tabular matter between Socio demographic factors and meconium aspiration syndromeVariablesMECONIUM ASPIRATION SYNDROMEp-VALUEYesNOEntireSexual activity staminate11 ( 4.4 % )238 ( 95.6 % )2490.016Female16 ( 10.7 % )134 ( 89.3 % )150Gestational age1 ( & lt 37 hebdomad s )12 ( 4.5 % )252 ( 95.5 % )2640.0012 ( 37-42 hebdomads )14 ( 10.9 % )114 ( 89.1 % )1283 ( & lt 42 hebdomads )1 ( 14.3 % )6 ( 85.7 % )7Table 1depicts female ( 10.7 % ) more prone compared to male ( 4.4 % ) . Post term odds ratio=3.50 ( CI 0.39, 31.42 ) and term odds ratio=2.58 ( CI 1.16, 5.75 ) babes were holding more hazard of developing MAS compared to preterm ( P & lt 0.01 ) . from the above statistics it s really clear the female in our survey are doing an dominant fraction as compared to do in meconium aspiration syndrome. Along with this, we can do out that station and term newborns are holding larger hazard of developing meconium aspiration syndrome.Table 2 shows relationship of perinatal asphyxia with Socio demographic factors and meconium aspiration syndromeVariablesPERINATAL ASPHYXIAp-VALUEYesNOSumSexual activity potent30 ( 12.0 % )219 ( 88.0 % )2490.676Female16 ( 10.7 % )134 ( 89.3 % )150Gestational age1 ( & lt 37 hebdomads )20 ( 7.6 % )244 ( 92.4 % )2640.0012 ( 37-42 hebdomads )23 ( 18.0 % )105 ( 82.0 % )1283 ( & gt 42 hebdomads )3 ( 42.9 % )4 ( 57.1 % )7Meconium aspiration syndromeYes11 ( 40.7 % )16 ( 59.3 % )270.0001NO35 ( 9.4 % )337 ( 90.6 % )372Table 2 shows Perinatal asphyxia came out to be 11.5 % , doing male ( 12 % ) more prone to female ( 10.7 % ) .Post term odds ratio=9.15 ( CI 1.91, 43.75 ) and term odds ratio=2.67 ( CI 1.41, 5.08 ) babes were holding more hazard of developing perinatal asphyxia compared to preterm ( P & lt 0.01 ) . MAS babe is holding 6.62 ( CI 2.85, 15.38 ) times hazard of developing perinatal asphyxia ( p & lt 0.01 ) .From the tabular array we formulated that male are holding more hazard of developing perinatal asphyxia as compared to females.post term babes and term are holding greater hazard holding asphyxia.Therefore from the above consequence we can do out that there is strong relationship between MAS and perinatal asphyxia i.e, meconium aspiration newborns are prone for developing perinatal asphyxi a.DiscussionThe increased hazard for pneumonic morbidity and mortality among babies born through meconium stained amnionic fluid is good recognized. Though many studies have noted a clinical spectrum of pneumonic disfunction such as mild tachypnea and terrible pneumonic inadequacy, this survey confirms that meconium stained amnionic fluid is associated with an increased hazard for pneumonic disfunction. The hazard for pneumonic disease, nevertheless, is non manifested every bit in all babies with meconium staining. As it was shown by several old surveies, the greatest hazard for pneumonic disease occurred among babies with associated marks of possible intrapartum foetal via media. Despite airway direction following recommended guidelines, these babies continued to attest a high rate of pneumonic morbidity 32-35 .The recommendation by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1983 did non propose that all babies born through thick meconium stained amnionic fluid needfully necessitate t racheal sucking. The 2nd edition of these Guidelines noted the absence of extra surveies to back up or disown the pattern of tracheal suction for meconium stained amnionic fluid and recommended that in the presence of midst or particulate meconium, the voice box should be visualized, and if meconium is present, the clinician should introduce the windpipe and use suction . The most recent edition of the Guidelines published in 1992, is downwind dogmatic. It is recommended that down babies with meconium in the hypopharynx have tracheal suction. However, it is further noted that cord visual image and tracheal suction in the vigorous baby with thick meconium may non be necessary. None of the Guidelines have recommended tracheal suction of babies born through thin meconium stained amnionic fluid 32, 33 .MECONIUM ASPIRATION SYNDROME WITH GESTATIONAL AGEThe overall incidence of MAS and terrible MAS additions with GA as reported in recent population-based surveies 36, 37 . The overa ll rates of MAS in the USA 36 and Burgundy are similar 1.0 versus 1.1 per 1000 unrecorded births ( a ) at 37 hebdomads 1.1 versus 1.0a at 38weeks 1.5 versus 1.1a at 39weeks 2.2 versus 2.4a at 40 hebdomads, and 3.1 versus 2.6a at 41weeks. Furthermore the incidence of terrible MAS recorded in Australia 37 at 41weeks ( 0.80a ) is close to the 0.67a observed at 39-41weeks in our series. Some surveies suggested that bar of post term gestation prevents terrible MAS 38 .Our retrospective observational survey showed that station term odds ratio=3.50 ( CI 0.39, 31.42 ) and term odds ratio=2.58 ( CI 1.16, 5.75 ) babes were holding more hazard of developing MAS compared to preterm ( P & lt 0.01 ) .MECONIUM ASPIRATION SYNDROME WITH SEXIn our survey, male ( 62.4 % ) showed preponderance as compared to female ( 37.6 % ) , among which ( 6.8 % ) were instances of MAS, doing female ( 10.7 % ) more prone compared to male ( 4.4 % ) .PERINATAL ASPHYXIA WITH GESTATIONAL AGEFor more than tw o decennaries, post term gestation has been defined as a gestation that persists beyond 294 yearss or 42 hebdomads of gestation 39 . The most common ground to name it is inaccurate gestation dating. Last catamenial period with regular catamenial rhythm is the best physiological landmark to measure the gestational age in gestation. However, a few adult females are certain of their day of the months and frequently cause anxiousness when they come with postdates 40 . The cause of post-term gestation is unknown. A Post term gestations are associated with higher hazard of perinatal mortality and morbidity including meconium aspiration syndrome, A asphyxia neonatrum respiratory hurt syndrome, icterus neonatrum, sepsis neonatorum, oligohydramnios, macrosomia, foetal birth hurt, foetal hurt and increased rate of cesarean subdivision 41 . Our survey showed that station term odds ratio=9.15 ( CI 1.91, 43.75 ) and term odds ratio=2.67 ( CI 1.41, 5.08 ) babes were holding more hazard of developing perinatal asphyxia compared to preterm ( P & lt 0.01 ) .PERINATAL ASPHYXIA WITH SEXIn legion surveies, asphyxia was more prevailing in male than female 42, 43, 44 . In our survey, male preponderance is seen. Out of 399 instances perinatal asphyxia came out to be 11.5 % , doing male ( 12 % ) more prone to female ( 10.7 % ) .DecisionThe present survey showed a good correlativity of prevalence of meconium aspiration syndrome and perinatal asphyxia both in term and post term babes doing perinatal asphyxia more common in meconium aspiration syndrome.There is demand of a big randomized controlled test to analyze the functions of intrapartum nasopharyngeal and immediate postpartum tracheal suctioning in newborns born through MSAF in developing state scene.Conflict OF INTERESTSThe writers do non hold any struggle of involvement originating from the survey.RecognitionsDr. K.S RAO, Professor and detail of Department, Pediatrics, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara ( Nepal ) for allowing the writers to utilize the infirmary paperss during the survey.What this survey addsBy agencies of this survey we can turn out that perinatal asphyxia is more prevailing in meconium aspiration syndrome.

Online Behaviors And Impression Management Essay

IntroductionWith the rapid development of technology, the Internet has become an utile mechanism for companionable profitsing. People can not deny the fact that a self-made fond lucreing is more possible to lead a successful life. A in-person postage stamp serves as an important role in establishing new networks and managing old ones. It was proved that tidy sum generate more opportunities presenting themselves in the computer-coordinated intercourse settings than face-to-face environments. Therefore, regardless of generations, the ways how peck interact with one an otherwise postulate been greatly changed by online social sites. The purpose of this study is to understand how people utilize online social sites to manage their personal printing process and how they behave on social media also, people utilize social media in order to gratify their social needs such as their friendship maintenance. The thesis of this paper is that social media influences personal behaviors as well as their whimsey management and it also has positivist impacts on people friendships performance.Personal Behavior on affectionate MediaIndividual behaviors whitethorn be restrained because of their awareness that their behaviors might possibly be seen by other people, and the fact that people tempt to look more appealing in any social occasions is obvious (Jeong, 2011). Since social media is served as a platform which is opened to public, people tend to pay more attention to how they appear and behave online. An experiment from Denton (2012) indicates that participants within heterogeneous networks such as Facebook have more desire to cracking their impressions to others. A heterogeneous network is a network which is established for people with step to the fore same interests, religions or common interests in other words, people are able to speak or act freely on those websites. This experiment explains go on that people manage or even shift their two-bagger based on others views and attitudes.According to Cummings (2012), the setting of indites provides an opportunity for ones social life people put effort into presenting a better image which aims at influencing others within the network. Jeong (2012) also declares that the process in which individuals attempt to control their impression with others is called impression management. Impression management can be apply interchangeably with the term self-presentation, and its goal is to elevate peoples public image by performing behaviors based on how others evaluate them. Jeong also states that impression management usually occurs together with social desirability. Social desirability is defined as an individuals tendency to describe themselves and behave in a manner in which they believe they will be viewed favorably in a situation. Moreover, Jeong also points out three main characteristics of self-presentation in online media platforms.They are asynchronous, flexible and selective. Asynchron ous means that people can edit and update self-presentational cues deliberately over time. Malleable means people can simply manipulate those cues. Denton (2012) explains further by stating that people behave differently in different situations or interact with different people with whom they have specific relationships. For example, a lazy and amateurish employee may spend his evening as a passionate and assiduous worker volunteer or he behaves as a hard-working worker single under supervision in this case, employers might misunderstand that he is truly a diligent worker.Thirdly, selective means people can improve their impression by choosing specific cues. Jeong explains this term by giving an example that individuals are more likely to donate or show their games for charity campaigns as longsighted as they realize that their participation would be noticeable to other people. Besides, there are some companies tend to elevate their images by sponsoring nonprofit organizations. To conclude, in general, people tend to behave favorably and try to create a positive impression to others on social media.Impression Management on Social MediaSocial media has been a new and easy platform for people managing their impression. Sameer (2007) states that document preparation programs make it relatively easy to manipulate the appearance of profiles also, programmability armed services people keep spoil of contents to the audience, and browser application provide an easy way to distribute the original or modified profiles. Therefore, Krisanic (2008) concludes from her research that impression management has been commonly carried out by those who involved in social networking activities. Jeong (2011) also states that online media platforms are expected to provide people with a greater opportunity for impression management, and because of its public showing which enables participants to articulate and make their social networks more manifest furthermore, Ellison (2008) declares that this kind of public display of connection serves as important signal that helps people navigate their networked social world.Cummings (2012) supports his idea. He points out that social network sites provide people a channel to present themselves digitally, and also gives them another way to provide detail about themselves and establish or maintain their relationships in their own social network. Also, profile owners are not the only ones who are able to provide reading on their own pages. Most sites such as Facebook and LinkedIn allow those who are involved in the connection to create additional schooling, and the use of wall posts and the testimonial are the examples (Cummings, 2012). All in all, the main characteristics of social network sites include the capability to make connection between people and share personal information on top of that, it offers an easy way for people to manage their personal impressions.Friendships Performance on Social MediaThe arti culation of friendship connections is another facet of impression management it might possibly be viewed from others as an identity marker to profile owners (boyd & Ellison, 2008). Although boyd and Ellison argue that online audiences comments may dominate user behaviors, Vallor (2012) thinks that those interactions are part of the reciprocality which serves a prime function maintaining friendships. Reciprocity is an original biological stimulus that operates as the core of human sociology and is the mutual characteristic of different types of friendships (Vallor, 2012). Take Facebook as an example, reciprocity emerge with diverse forms it begins with the friend requests and accepting invitations correspondingly, responding to friends status by pressing like button, sharing photos and videos online, comments on friends status, and tag friends on pictures or posts. Therefore, a study from Vallor (2012) shows that instead of diminishing peoples interactions in their real lives, online social sites actually extend chances for such interaction.Vallor (2012) also declares that social media can support friendships. Many social network sites allow additional information, and which encourage people to list hobbies, post photos, and interact with other individuals within the network (Cummings, 2012). Furthermore, social network sites help individuals to manage contacts beyond traditional software like outlook, and they also help incorporate visual information such as pictures of contacts (Cummings, 2012) hence, the online social media offers a precious function of recombining efficiently with friends in the past (Vallor, 2012). To conclude, it is true that these sites help participants perceiving more sense of social value and connection also, social network sites help reinforce participants desire to maintain their friendships (Vallor, 2012).ConclusionAs online social networking sites as a new media technology comes out in our society, individuals have more opportunit y than ever before to present themselves in public by using them. These sites allow users to make self-presentation by creating their own profile pictures, personal information, photos, videos, and their activities. Impression management is related to social networking sites use because individuals tend to develop different self-presentation depending on the audiences online. From those studies we were discussed, people tend to behave favorable to their audiences.However, the authenticity of profile information comes into concern since everything that shows on peoples profiles may dominate their images to others whether this fact leads to negative problem of social networking sites may still need to be further investigated and researched. From another aspect, we can conclude that social networking sites have a positive impact on friendship performance. Although some studies argue that the online social networking sites may damage the traditional meaning of friendship, it serves as a valuable tool maintaining the friendship in people real lives. All in all, social network sites if manage properly they can of course offer very concrete benefits to people social networking lives.Referencesboyd, D. & Ellison, N. (2008). Social Network Sites Definition, History, and Scholarship. (pp. 219-220). Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 13(2008) 210-230. Cummings, J. (2012). Virtual premier(prenominal) Impression Matter The effect of social networking sites on Impression formation in virtual teams. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses 2012 pg. n/a Ellison, A. S. W. (2012). Impression Formation in a Social Network Context. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses 2012 pg. n/a Jeong, H. J. (2011). The Effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Campaigns on Consumer Responses to Brand in Social Media Impression Management Perspectives. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses 2011 pg. n/a Krisanic, K. (2008). Motivation and Impression Management Predictors of social networ king site use and users behaviors. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses 2008 pg. n/a Sameer, B. (2008). First Impression formation in electronic profiles. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses 2008 pg. n/a Vallor, S. (2011). Flourishing on Facebook virtue friendship & new social media. Springer Science and Business Media B.V. 2011

Hoffman Discount Drugs, Inc

Case 7-3 (2) The first alternative of giving entropy Systems control of point of intersection with exchange for any product after year residual implies that the revenue is not earned until the final product is determined after year end. In this situation, Excello cannot recognize its revenue until Data System is totally sure the final products that they are actually want to grease ones palms. For example, this year, Data System bought 1000 fax machines, entirely next year Data System will change it to another 1000 ones and return the previous products at the same time. nitty-gritty to say, Excello still drop control on it and same goes with Data System.According to FRS, revenue only can be recognize when and the value is determinable. The second alternatives of transfer ownership with guarantee that Excello would purchase equipment with ten year useful life as the sale implies that Excello would have to recognize a liability to Data System in the amount of the revenue. Meaning to say, first Excello needs to transfer the ownership to Data System for the revenue recognition and at the same time Excello needs to recognize the liability towards Data System. Again, if Excello does not recognize the liability to Data System, so it is an offense.The third alternative allows the return of the merchandise for full credit anytime after year end is qualified sale. Revenue should not be recognized until after the deadline for the full credit. Meaning to say, the value should be determinable in order to recognize it as revenue. If I am the chief financial officer, I would recommend to the Data Equipment System for the second alternatives. Of the three alternatives, the second alternatives has the revenue earned before year end and would be in accordance with GAAP as long as Excello also recognizes their liability to purchase a product from Data Systems.The first offer, it is not ethical if we record the revenue too soon because the earning process has not been compl eted and the conditional exchange still valid. We cannot record the revenue until the product would be exchange. For the third offer, as we know the revenue cannot recognized in the current year. Means that, the actual amount of revenue do not recorded. It is also unethical if we record the revenue since we know the deadline for the full credit is in the next year. We should strive with the virtue perspective such as honesty, objectivity and trustworthiness in recording the revenue.Honesty requires that the statements should be truthful and recognize revenue using generally accepted accounting principles. Objectivity requires that the company should approach its decision about the neat revenue recognition procedure with fair-mindedness and without partially to one set of stakeholders. Trustworthiness means that the accountants should not violate the investors faith that the statements are accurate and reliable. early(a) than that, to make a decision we should consider the greatest good for the greatest number of stakeholders.

Sleep Deprivation of College Students

log Zs Deprivation of college students It is 1130 in the morning and the lecture started half an hour ago. The classroom is still half empty. Although half of the class is here, they male parentt look like awake. Most of them look like zombies. The above scenario is a common restrict recurrencen place in colleges. A research d unrivaled by Tsui,YY, et al (2009) shows that ii thirds of the participating students reported log Zs neediness. The pal fork out sleep quality results in their zombie looks and poor attendants in lectures. Ca enforces of Sleep goingDeprival of sleep strongly affects college students studies and personal animateness. Why would students have sleep deprivation? There are two main drivings. Change in lifestyle First of all, the change in lifestyle strongly deranges ones quiescence convening. When students in Hong Kong transit from secondary school to college, they are happy about non being controlled by their parents anymore. Since in secondary schoo l, students have a lot of pressure from public exams and their sick parents. The parents force them to maintain a healthy lifestyle.However, after they become college students, especially for those who are living in residence halls, they would be excited to let pop up rid of the healthy lifestyle and doing whatever they like at night season. They can hang out with friends at midnight and have parties all night long. However, before the deadlines of assignments, students would seize with teeth the midnight oil, spending several nights to finish the assignments. When their work is done, they would use the whole day for sleeping to remedy the seized sleeping hours. The upsetting schedule of sleep would induce a strong negative influence in students sleep-wake pattern.Once the pattern is disrupted, it will cause varies of problems towards ones life. Pressure Another main cause of this issue is pressure. With no doubt, stress can easily keep students awake at night. College students in Hong Kong are engaged with sorts of activities, including competitions, extra-curriculum activities and temporary jobs. They want to make e genuinelything prefect, which would definitely elicit stress. It would undoubtedly make them awake at night, or in time worse, they may suddenly wake up in the midnight for several times.Some of my university friends are suffering from sleep deprivation because of stress. Sometimes, they are afraid of cannot wake up on time in the morning for examinations, resulting in them cannot pedigree asleep even after two hours of staying on bed. Effects of sleep deprivation Sleep deprivation affects college students in many aspects. Two main effects are health problems and poor work performance. health problem Sleep deprived has a strong influence in health. Some of the students would try to take drugs or use alcohol to help them inducing sleep. It would be apt(predicate) to have a attempt of addiction.Moreover, this sleeping problem will easily drive to have increasing blood pressure tremors, ache muscles, headaches, memory loss and the like. Furthermore, Melnick (2010) stated that Researchers found that for each hour of lost sleep, levels of psychological distress blush wine by 5% in nearly 3,000 17-to-24-year-olds who were followed for 12 to 18 months. Overall, short sleepers were 14% more likely to report symptoms of psychological distress on a standard test, compared with people who got adequate sleep. Most of the students would use coffee to help them stay awake at night so that they can study hard. However, it is not a wise choice.Although caffeine could be helpful for keeping people energetic during days and nights, it would cause long term impacts to their health. Poor work performance Withholding of sleep also leads to a poor work performance, it will seriously affect the performance of tests and part-time work. During sleeping, brain would review and organize the memories, it also allows body to take a rest. However, if students deprive their sleeping, it would not allow their brain to have proper re-organizing, which would have poor performance. What is more, a sleep deprived student will easily have delay in reaction and tendencies to make mistakes.On the contrary, according to Dean, Lowry and Manders (2010), College students mindful of the importance of healthy sleep patterns may be suitable to rectify their GPAs. (P. 16). Students would definitely feel better and maximum your brain functions if they had a nice quality of sleep. focus to reduce sleep deprivation Sleep deprivation brings college students dozens of severe negative impacts. How can we get rid of it? The method is easy, change your lifestyle It is suggested that adults should have seven to nine hours of sleep for a day. Students should neutralize staying up all the night and have better planning for their time.Time management is vital for everyone, not precisely students. It is understood that going to college pro bably is the first time students will be in charge of their sleep habits. According to Sheehan, Unseth and Xiong (2010), Try to go to bed and wake up at approximately the same time every day. A regular sleep pattern increases your alertness during the day. (P. 3). Going to college would be a very good chance for students to learn to control their life and time. Apart from this, some students may have problem sleeping. Nonetheless, this is not an excuse to become an all-nighter.The suggestion for them to have a nice night sleep is die away If there is a lot in their mind, including school works, relationships, jobs and the like, it is hard to fall asleep. Students can jot down the things on their mind and then forget about it If there is a noise problem, students may try to use a white-noise machine to block the noise from the resident hall. Sleep helps repair your body, reduce stress, improve memory, and keep you healthy. miss of sleep can literally affect every aspect of your l ife. (Sheehan, Unseth and Xiong, 2010, P. 2) After cognise all those bad impacts f sleep deprivation, students should get away your bad habit of staying up easy and oversleeping considering having a better health. Lets change the lifestyle and maintain a healthy life References Dean, K. , Lowry, M. , Manders, K. (2010). The link between sleep quantity and academic performance for the college student. Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota. Retrieved from https//www. psych. umn. edu/sentience/files/Lowry_2010. pdf Melnick, M. (2010, September 2). Lack of sleep linked with depression, weight gain and evendeath. Times. Retrieved from http//healthland. ime. com/2010/09/02/lack-of-sleep-can-cause-depression-weight-gain-and-even-death/ Sheehan, E. , Unseth, T. , Xiong, M. (2010). Sleep deprivation of college students in western. Retrieved from http//www. westerntc. edu/writingcenter/pdf/samples/Business%20and%20Technical/SheehanEtAl. pdf Song, S. (2011). dormancy your way to the top. College Writing Skills with Readings, 8, 729-731. Tsui, YY. , Et al. (2009). A study on the sleep patterns and problems of university business students in Hong Kong. Pubmed gov. Retrieved from http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/m/pubmed/198926541

PHP vs. ASP Essay

IntroductionPHP and ASP ar the two outdo web technologies this century is to offer. In their own ways, they have created trust and market for their product and development environment.Anstey (2003) mentions that PHP belongs to a free softw are community and open source general purpose software which is very undemanding to use and correct its bugs from the community of developers around the world.ASP is a program that runs on IIS waiter and is a free component with windows operating system and offers dissimilar features (Argence, 2008). ASP.NET is a unified sack up development syllabus that provides services necessary for developers to build enterprise-class Web applications. ASP.NET provides computer programing model and infrastructure for more secure, scalable, and stable applications. ASP.NET is a compiled, .NET based web environment developed in any .NET compatible lectures similar Visual canonical .NET, C, JScript.NET, etc. Addition ally, the entire .NET Framework is available to any ASP.NET application. Developers can well entrance money the benefits of these technologies, which birth the managed common language runtime environment, type safety, inheritance, and so on.The foundation of all Web applications is that they deliver dynamic capacity over a protocol which by model is stateless. Most of the ASP.NET developments fall in client-server architecture programming model. Minimal points to be considered for a typical web application modeled as client-server architecture are given below.User interface and client environment (Page layout).Data verification, transfer and store.Security.Scalability, reliability and availability of the application.Optimized imaginativeness utilization and performance.Handling unpleasant instances gracefully.Navigation.Literature reviewPHP traces back to the development of Perl and C which emerged quite a successfully as a depart of the contribution of the divers(a) programmers around the globe and as a res ult of its being an open community. The various versions came out successfully through 1997 to 2004 where the features were added and successfully taken up to leave to the development paradigm of the large scale of internet users.ASP came rolly with Windows 95 with the features of IIS server installed. It was an complete standard which takes into account the various databases into consideration and is based on the COM model.The various differences among PHP and ASP incur accepted that all to a good extent the feature are compiled and carries enough advantage to understand the loopholes and make certain that all the various utilities are enforced well.PHP and ASP depict large scale differences in the form of various factors like cost, integration of features, speed, platform compatibility, additional costs, base language, database connectivity and many others.CostAs PHP is non single handedly owned by any individual or an organization it does not requires to be purchased for u se. Even for the support of the backend, it uses a database technology named MySQL which is also available free of cost (DuBois, 2002). The hosting of the PHP pages into the Linux server and their deployment is quite affordable and can be done with ease.Glass (2004) mentions that ASP is synchronized with Microsoft Windows operating system and comes along with it bearing the cost of the operating system. Moreover hosting ASP pages is expensive over the internet and features like email, lodge uploading and other features are quite expensive at the same time.Integration with operating environments and databasesPHP makes convinced(predicate) that all the operating environments are taken care to its fullest capability and is compatible with Windows, UNIX, Linux, Solaris and others. Its platform dependency format makes sure that all the various compatibility with operating environments makes it quite viable in nature. PHP integrates with the databases like MySQL and others in a huge fa shion.ASP on the other hand is compatible with Windows only and makes sure that Microsoft oriented databases like MSSQL server would be well integrated with it. For other database platforms it requires to download various libraries and components for integration and workability (Hull, 2002).PerformancePHP is an interpreted language and make sure that the interpreted nature makes it fast for getting the customization done. The memory requirement of the PHP pages is quite optimizable and runs very fast with the greater understanding of the various features. Database connections of PHP are also quite flexible and make sure that all the various database functionality like stability, transactions, replication, triggers and stored procedures are handled quite well (Merrall, 2000).ASP on the other hand is a compiled language and the software glitches are quite often not corrected or take a long time to get it done. The compiled nature makes sure that all the various factors like throughput and rejoinder time is quite low for the hosted pages. Its exclusivity with Microsoft windows operating system makes it platform independent with regard to various hosting and access problems.Enhanced capabilities and compatibilityThese include file transfer programs and utilities, compression of data, uploading of files, integration of XML an MD5, encryption techniques and email facilities are not included in ASP, even if it does it requires the support of large third party packages installed, which are very easily integrated in PHP. PHP.net (2008) mentions that complex functions like dynamic images, IMAP, SNMP, dynamic flash, PDF, native access to Oracle, Ovrimos, Postgre, Sybase, mSql, MSSQL, Ingres, Interbase and Informix databases, LDAP, and sockets and many others are easily integrated with PHP, however it would create a big problem with its integration with ASP. PHP is compatible with various web servers for its functioning however ASP requires it to be easily integrated wit h only IIS and PWS as explained by Pires (2005).ConclusionAlthough both ASP and PHP are web server end languages for web development, it makes sure that the factors like cost, installation, performance, compatibility issues are economized to its full extent.PHP offers the best integration of the speed and performance factors and make sure that all the various promises are met for catering to the web development (Zhang, 1999).ASP is most suitable with the Microsoft platform and makes sure that all the features are captured and managed for the various services.ReferencesAnstey, Marty (2003). PHP vs ASP. Retrieved 19, February 2008 from http//marty.anstey.ca/programming/php/articles/Argence d Ricardo (2008). Web Hosting, PHP vs AS.P. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from http//articles.topofhosting.com/web-hosting-php-asp.phpDuBois, Paul (2002). MySQL Cookbook. OReilly, October 2002.Glass, Michael (2004). Beginning PHP, Apache,MySQL Web Development. Wiley advertisement sons. ISBN 0-7645-57 44-0.Hull, Sean (2002). PHP vs. ASP.NET Redux. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from http//www.oracle.com/technology/pub/columns/hull_php2.htmlMerrall, Graeme (2000). PHP/MySQL TutorialPHP.net (2008). See http//www.php.net/manual/enPires, Halstatt (2005). ASP vs. PHP. Retrieved 18, February 2008 from http//www.webpronews.com/expertarticles/2005/12/22/asp-vs-phpZhang, Ying (1999). Web Database Step-by-Step Guide.

Accounting Essays – BT Cashflow Changes

BT Cashf deplor adequate Changes.BT mathematical group ( BT ) is the taking UK conjunction supplying landline telecommunication services and equipment. It besides had the nomadic telecommunication guardianship which was later sold as MMO2. subsequently the sale of nomadic name, BT s profile has now tiltd from a growing lodge to a raise challenging money bring forthing comp whatsoever.A )Fiscal familiar presentationThe most common nonsubjective appraisal of the pecuniary public presentation of a house is the return it generates on its assets and the measure and quality of the returns.Measure is metric by the absolute and per centum alte balancen in faultless concluding incomes. The net income and loss history of an giving medication and its analysis atomic number 18 the premier and first indexs of a house s fiscal public presentation. The current one-year consequences of BT is for the period stoping 31 March 2005. vermiform process I shows the sum-up of cardinal ne t income and loss figures all over the conclusion three old ages.BT s turnover and net income after revenue enhancement in 2005 obligate increased as comp atomic number 18d to 2004 but are still lower than those in 2003. The turnover has declined by 5.7 % merely whereas net income after revenue enhancement has declined by 32.7 % over the two yr period. This shows that the concern has really low variable speak to which is in line with the heavy fixed cost investings ordinarily made by telecommunication companies in set uping their webs and subsequent really low variable costs in transporting informations.While turnover increased in 2005, tribulationing net incomes suffer declined. This indicates that the concern is confronting some determine force per unit areas or is passing much on advertizement as the operating(a) net income declined by 0.5 % merely.BT s 2005 net income after revenue enhancement was & A lb 1,820m and was well high than & A lb 1,406m. Though the abso lute net income is really high figure compared to most of the concerns and indicates that the association is in strong fiscal place, it besides shows that BT has high fiscal purchase. The company paid a principal(prenominal) high involvement and if grosss and operating borders come under more force per unit area, it could hold puzzle paying involvement costs.BT is cognizant of this issue and has focused on cut atomic reactoring its net debt. aft(prenominal) confronting tough times in early 2000s, it has sold many old investings to raise money for re living debt. BT s atom monetary value rose after it announced its strategic determination to cut down net debt by raising money through divestments. The net involvement payments have declined from & A lb 1,439m in 2003 to & A lb 801m in 2005. Not merely that, the net involvement payment has declined from 49.5 % of operating net income to 29.0 % from 2003 to 2005. The decrease in net involvement as a per centum of operating net income is an of outcome overture as it represents investors comfort that even if operating borders come under force per unit area, the company would still be able to run into its involvement liabilities.One speedy manner to analyze a company s public presentation is to look at the net incomes per portion form. The net incomes per portion had besides a alteration form similar to that of net income after revenue enhancement. It foremost reduced from 31.4p in 2003 to 16.4p in 2004 before increasing to 21.4p in 2005. The 2005 addition in net incomes per portion highlights the betterment in public presentation. Though the net incomes did lessening in 2004, BT kept on increasing faultless dividend paid to stockholders. This shows the elbow room s religion in concern traveling frontward and its ability to run into higher dividend outlooks in future.The returns generated on assets is measured by Return on Capital employed ( ROCE ) . Appendix II shows the computation of ROCE for BT. BT had a goodish ROCE of 19.0 % and 20.7 % in 2004 and 2005.The quality of returns is measured by their consistence and by the spread of net incomes, i.e. , the per centum of net incomes being generated from unalike breakdowns and locations. The less trust of net incomes on any one division and/or location meat the company is in better form to oblige downswings in its markets.None of BT s concern contributed more than 50 % in its turnover in the twelvemonth ended 31 March 2005 ( BT, 2005 ) . This indicates that BT Group is moderately good protected from the diminutions in a concern line. The state of affairs is somewhat different if we look at the operating net incomes where BT Wholesale division contributes more than 50 % of net runing net incomes. Any more border force per unit areas in this concern could cut down future net incomes. Most of BT s net incomes originate from UK and indeed it net incomes are susceptible to alterations in UK economic system.Fiscal placeThe fiscal place of a company covers its fiscal edifice, its assets and liabilities, its liquidness and hazard direction attack ( story Standards 2004/2005 ) . Appendix III gives the high vagrant of BT Group s balance sheet from 2004 to 2005. The entire fixed assets have increased by & A lb 639m in the last twelvemonth. While entire fixed assets have increased, the entire current assets have decreased by & A lb 254m, so entire assets have increased by & A lb 385m. The lower addition in entire assets as compared to increase in fixed assets is principally cod to diminish in troublesome currency and investings.The major alteration in fiscal construction has occurred on the liabilities side. The entire current liabilities have gone up by & A lb 3,938m due to increase in current contributes and adoptions of & A lb 3,227m. This shows that BT is financing much more of its assets from current adoptions.The big addition in current loans and adoptions has reversed the net current assets ( liabilities ) place. BT had net current assets of & A lb 2,027m in 2004 and had net current liabilities of & A lb 2,165m in 2005, a net lessening in current assets of & A lb 4,192m.While the current liabilities have increased, the long term creditors have decreased by & A lb 4,335m. If we merely look at long-run creditors, the decrease is impressive and it gives more assurance to the investors that company is in better fiscal place now. But when we combine the lessening in long term creditors with the addition in current liabilities, the net alteration is really less. And the fact that alterations in current liabilities is in the main due to borrowing alternatively of addition in trade creditors means that the funding of assets has simply shifted from long term adoptions to short term adoptions.The current assets to current liabilities ratio has declined from 1.24 to 0.83 in the last one twelvemonth, a mark of concern in footings of liquidness particularly when the addit ion in liabilities is non chiefly due to higher trade creditors.Debt to faithfulness ratio indicates the funding of assets. BT had entire debt of & A lb 13,697m in 2004 and the corresponding figure for 2005 was & A lb 12,589m, a lessening of & A lb 1,108m. If we now throw out unuttered currency and short term investings from entire debt, BT s net debt was & A lb 8,425m and & A lb 7,786m in 2004 and 2005 severally. The net debt to book value of equity ratio declined from 2.75 in 2004 to 2.02 in 2005. This means that debt fundss about twice assets as being financed by equity. Higher sum of debt consequences in lower operose mean cost of bully as debt is cheaper equity. But as BT reduces more debt, its leaden mean cost of capital will increase. The addition would be partly offset by lower cost of equity due to take down opportunities of bankruptcy.Hazard of bankruptcy is measured by involvement screen ratio which is defined as the ratio of hard currency available for inv olvement payments to net involvement. Appendix IV shows the EBITDA computation and involvement screen ratio. The involvement screen ratio has increased from 6.1 in 2004 to 7.0 in 2005. The healthy involvement screen ratio shows that BT has farther reduced the hazard of bankruptcy and is in better fiscal place now. The debt degree is now really much within manageable degrees and is more like a hard currency rich mature company.Companies usually tend to follow certain dividend tendency to foretoken market of their appraisal of future net incomes. Dividend declaration is besides portion of hazard direction as it is based on direction s appraisal of future hard currency propagation and transcend outlooks. The hiking in dividend in 2004 and 2005 inspite of diminution in net incomes in 2004 shows the direction appraisal of future low hazards to hard currency courses.Fiscal AdaptabilityAn entity s fiscal adaptability is its ability to take effectual action to change the sum and timing of its hard currency flows so that it bay window react to unexpected demands or chances ( Accounting Standards 2004/2005, page 26 ) . Appendix V shows the chief elements of amalgamate hard currency flow education of BT Group. BT Group is bring forthing high sums of hard currency influx from operating activities. During the twelvemonth ended 31 March 2005, the company generated & A lb 5,900m of net hard currency from operating activities. BT is in telecommunication concern which demands comparatively high degree of absolute investings. It spent & A lb 2,408m on capital overcome during the twelvemonth ended 31 March 2005. Even if we believe that all of capital outgo was required under normal operations, BT was still left with & A lb 2,282m of excess hard currency in 2005.As we can see from the Appendix III that BT has now focused on revert of loans. During the last three old ages, the company has reduced adoptions by & A lb 7,395m. Though BT is able to bring forth importan t sum of hard currency before disposals but that was non plenty in 2003 and 2004 to refund loans. The company so sold some of its investings to bring forth hard currency for loan refunds.BT besides pays a important sum of dividend to its stockholders. So if its cyberspace hard currency from operations do diminish in future, it has still some buffer in footings of dividend payments to take attention of loan refunds.B )The aim of fiscal disputation is to supply information about the coverage entity s fiscal public presentation and fiscal place that is utile to a broad scope of users for measuring the stewardship of the entity s direction and for doing economic determinations ( Accounting Standards, 2004, page 22 ) .The conformity of an entity s fiscal studies with UK s Accounting Standards can be gauged over two chief countries content and format. Content is of import to give true and skilful bod of a house s fiscal public presentation and place. Different users need different inf ormation. Fiscal teachings are used by investors to establish their investing determination. So it is of import that fiscal statements have the right content to assist accomplish this end. It is besides of import to hold right format of presentation. Investors are more likely to experience comfy if they see familiar presentation manner and can so measure the company easy.We will look at the content and major fiscal statements to see whether they postdate with UK Accounting Standards. We will so besides at few extra notes to fiscal statements to see whether they are besides in line with true and just rule and give the readers a overhear image of the entity.First of all we compare net income and loss statement with FRS 3 embraceing fiscal public presentation . BT s amalgamate net income and loss statement clearly shows the entire turnover and portion from joint venture and associates, and in making so gives more lucidity of its gaining base.The fiscal statement format is similar to the illustration formats shown in Accounting Standards 2004/2005. BT s 2005 one-year Report nevertheless does nt present portion of turnover and net incomes from discounted operations ( BT, 2005 ) . It is because BT did nt sell any concern in 2005. If we look at the 2002 Annual Report ( BT, 2002 ) , it shows the turnover and net incomes from discounted operations besides.The fiscal statement besides has statement of entire recognized additions and losingss in line with FRS 3 patterns. So the histories run into net income and loss statement UK Accounting Standards in footings of both content and format.We now compare BT s hard currency flow statement with the format prescribed in FRS 1 Cash flow statements . BT s hard currency flow statement has non merely got all the headers but they are besides in the said(prenominal) order as mentioned in FRS 1. BT study besides gives sub-categories under the major headers and hence is a echt attempt to educate investors every bit much as p ossible on the coevals and usage of hard currency flows. BT hard currency flow statement uses the format prescribed for the Group histories. The notes to fiscal statement besides has detailed describing on rapprochement of operating net income to run hard currency flows, analysis of net debt, acquirement and disposals in line with formats for the Group histories.The following subdivision we analyze is on segmental coverage and look into its comparison with SSAP 25 Segmental Reporting . SSAP 25 says that a populace limited company should supply segmental analysis on lines of concern category and geographical location. The notes to fiscal statement subdivision in the 2005 Annual Report has a subdivision on segmental coverage wherein BT shows the turnover, runing profit/ ( loss ) and net assets/ ( liabilities ) of different concern lines. It besides provides the above informations based on the geographical location of contrary coevals. The above meets SSAP 25 demands and besides helps investors snitch a better sound judgment of hazards faced by BT.BT is in telecommunication concern where engineering alteration is rapid. BT has acquired many companies in juvenile old ages to maintain gait with the technological developments. So it is of import to analyze the acquisition policies and revelations are in line with the UK Accounting Standards. FRS 6 Acquisitions and Mergers and FRS 7 Fair values in acquisition accounting govern the acquisition accounting policies. BT s one-year study under Notes to fiscal statements gives work out revelation of entire and just value of the acquisitions made by it. BT s fiscal statements non merely give the book and just value of acquisitions but besides a elaborate account of them for each acquisition.The clear and easy to understand format of fiscal statements and the deepness of information in them signals that BT non merely merely make the lower limit to run into UK Accounting Standards but besides follows them in true spirit.Appendix I Highlight of BT Group s net income and loss histories( Beginning BT Annual Report and Form 20-F hypertext permute communications protocol //www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Howwehavedone/Financialreports/Annualreports/AnnualReports.htm )Appendix II ROCE of BT Group( Beginning BT Annual Report and Form 20-F hypertext take protocol //www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Howwehavedone/Financialreports/Annualreports/AnnualReports.htm )Appendix III Highlight of BT Group s balance sheet( Beginning BT Annual Report and Form 20-F hypertext transfer protocol //www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Howwehavedone/Financialreports/Annualreports/AnnualReports.htm )Appendix IV Interest screen ratio( Beginning BT Annual Report and Form 20-F hypertext transfer protocol //www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Howwehavedone/Financialreports/Annualreports/AnnualReports.htm )Appendix V Highlight of BT Group s hard currency flow statements( Beginning BT Annual Report and Form 20 -F hypertext transfer protocol //www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Howwehavedone/Financialreports/Annualreports/AnnualReports.htm )Bibliography and mentionsAccounting Standards 2004/2005 existing at 30 April 2004 ( 2004 ) Wolters Kluwer ( UK ) Limited.BT ( 2005 ) BT Annual Report and Form 20-F for the twelvemonth ended 31 March 2005 hypertext transfer protocol //www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Howwehavedone/ Financialreports/Annualreports/AnnualReports.htmBT ( 2002 ) BT Annual Report and Form 20-F for the twelvemonth ended 31 March 2002 hypertext transfer protocol //www.btplc.com/Sharesandperformance/Howwehavedone/Financialreports/Annualreports/Annualreportsarchive.htm