In the light of these( moshirian& long-staff) and other relevant Essay

In the light of these( moshirian& long-staff) and other pertinent articles, basically assess the purposes behind the ongoing worldwide - Essay Example The third one remembers the various misconstrued developments for money related designing, which, thus, incorporate sub-prime home loans, credit default trades, new types of securitization, and absence of obligation in huge private monetary organizations, which work all around. Numerous examiners infer that the emergency was a direct result of poor money related designing developments and disappointments in the monetary area guidelines and management (Moshirian 2011, 502; Casu et al. 2006, 58). Financial arrangement in the United States prompted low sparing rate and money related approach, which was industriously basic (Casu et al. 2006, 58). Different nations influenced by fiscal strategy issues remember a few nations for Asia, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and a few nations inside the Euro zone, which had issues with the genuine loan fees. Numerous nations, similar to Korea, had strategies that prompted a lot of outside trade holds. The strategies likewise prompted worldwide unev en characters and bending of universal alteration process. These stores put focus on the full scale monetary arrangements of numerous nations including the U.S. worldwide awkward nature wonder. This, in any case, was not a primary driver of the ongoing monetary and budgetary emergency. The lopsided characteristics and the emergency happened at the same time because of flaws in plan and execution of large scale monetary approaches on the planet. This prompted increment in worldwide credit. It additionally prompted lodging blasts in the U.S. also, different spots joined by an ascent in value costs and different elements that cause swelling. Budgetary area guideline and oversight additionally caused the emergency, however the blunders were not really dedicated during that period (Moshirian 2011, 504). Awful monetary conditions lead to an excessive amount of loaning and credit guidelines. Monetary area management could have diminished the overabundances, yet this was not the case anypla ce on the planet. Developments in monetary building have gotten mostly accused, however they existed even previously (Moshirian 2011, 504). By and large, the advancements were not unmistakably seen, in this manner leaving the dangers included unnoticed, which is significant in money related hazard the executives (Moshirian 2011, 34). Monetary developments didn't cause the emergency, yet they strengthened through market elements and misshaped the motivators for money related foundations (Moshirian 2011, 505). Accordingly, enormous private money related that worked all around had a high ground in this since they assumed a noteworthy job in worsening the emergencies. The disappointment of these establishments was not because of absence of national bosses, but since they departed suddenly their duty. Moreover, their worldwide extension was not the reason for disappointment, however their enormous size and multifaceted nature. Cases were one of a kind, yet the organizations were amazingl y enormous. Chiefs of these foundations became misled that troublesome monetary and money related emergency would continue inconclusively or until they complete their undertakings. In any case, the greater part of them weren't right (Guerrera and Thal-Larsen 2008, 65). A key component in the current disarray was because of liquidity dangers, which finished into the breaking down of Bear Stearns and Northern Rock (Longstaff 2010, 45). These two clarified that the dangers engaged with the decrease of liquidity had recently gone unnoticed since they had enough capital assets in those days. The setting of deregulation has extraordinarily contributed towards advancement of these budgetary items throughout the previous hardly any decades. For instance, the extraordinary

The BP Oil Spill and Considering Business Ethics

The BP Oil Spill and Considering Business Ethics In view of the BP Oil Explosion in Texas, the catastrophe caused colossal condition harms and the threaten to human security and wellbeing: the profound water oil spilled on the sea and the shorelines, the consequences for the nature of coastline and marine propensities, the consuming off oil-water blend causing air contamination, the risky material hole into the environment, the old drum too shut to exceptionally combustible Isom holding on to detonate, in which 5 laborers were executed and 170 were harmed on March 23 2005. The issues with the occurrence include risky workplace, unbalanced endeavors and inadequate data of wellbeing information. While this blunder credits to the laborers individual ill-advised act, the announcement is wrong in that it neglects to reflect how to make security condition in functioning in BP oil plants. What's more, between BPs privileged officials, who made more outrages, so as to decrease activity expenses and improve money related business cycles, they even surrendered maintain a strategic distance from to mishap duty, made bogus review budget summary, opposed Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board reports, deferred every single basic consumption. Then again, who is obligation regarding taking care of with the mishaps, who is dealing with workers security and life, and who is saving the earth we live and giving us great condition? As indicated by the mishap BP oil slick blast in Texas processing plant, it has caused genuine condition harm and irreversible dead and harmed. This motivation is given is that the organization need to guarantee the company security, discover security issues to keep away from the mishap happen once more. In this mishap, the representative of BP Ron Chapman guaranteed, The BP lethal examination group didn't distinguish past spending choices or absence of use as a basic factor or prompt reason. The explanation is dubious and inadmissible. To upgrade partnership wellbeing, we could uncover the reality by limiting a few of pieces of information: The case that the laborers harms are brought about by of the laborers singular mindlessness to the security code is dubious. As indicated by Baker Panels reports, the BPs worker consented to follow the current security conduction. Interestingly, Bakers Panel found that the laborers were absence of working order, which ensnares the duty enigmatica lly. In Baker Panels reports, on ninth Dec 2005 BP contributed 10,000,000 on Texas. Lamentably, BP managed the mishap on money related way. BPs flippant mentality could be found on Lord Browne, BPs CEOs early retirement when the mishap occurred. A short time later, BPs security arrangements are stops at paper work just to display the wellbeing and wellbeing guidelines. In the comparable manner, the sheets of chief and officials observed the wellbeing frameworks by underscoring the laborers security over and over on the reports. What's more, another untrustworthy mentality is, Carolyn Merrits, seat of CBS, said CBSs officials can't help contradicting the report about the money related financial plans. In enterprises wellbeing and wellbeing conduction, somebody would answerable for safe working practices. Be that as it may, the laborers don't have appropriate security and wellbeing conduction to follow. The wellbeing code in BP to acting is just focused on decreasing individual wounds which is pointless on spare laborers life such a risky industry, oil firm disregard the security procedure and can not control oil wellbeing. Most importantly, I accept that the BPs representatives, particularly the laborers don't be dealt with genuinely dependent on the wellbeing and sound conduction. The law can not shield the workers from peril and undermine of the synthetic compounds and oil. For instance, the worker put forth significantly more attempts to gain their security and just on forestalling self wounds, not on every startling risk and undermines. What's more, BP laborers are absence of preparing dependent on the wellbeing and wellbeing conduction. The laborers don't have adequate information and preparing to completely make their workplace securely, so the mishaps happen constantly. While the mishap occurred, the laborers can't deal with the circumstance so they lose their life or get wounds. Be that as it may, by law, the enterprise security is managed by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Clearly, OSHA is a wasteful association, and it doesn't administer the organization security and wel lbeing. As we read, OSHA didn't help BP make Safety and Health code, OSHA didn't examined whether BPs wellbeing activity is precise under the security and wellbeing code intermittently. OSHA didn't ensure the laborers utilize concoction in the correct manner, didn't ensure the oil offices are protected and didn't ensure the specialist works in a sheltered workplace. Then again, BP laborers don't secure by the work law, in spite of the organizations need to comply with the law and regard the human rights, the organization doesn't follow. The laborers extra time work, detonate on the risk condition, their life and wellbeing are undermined constantly, and their human rights are not regarded. In the subsequent spot, the money related cycles become a lone factor in running companys business. So as to make more business advantage, the BP Company dropped security financial plan, in this way BP utilized a compel spending plan to run wellbeing program which cause genuine security issue. Based on BPs budget reports, BP just purchased modest gear with the goal that it caused the blow down drum release perilous material into air. Also, the drum in Texas was worked in 1950s and refitted in 1997 which is actually old that is the reason caused BP blast mishap. So far as we probably am aware, on BPs budget summary, in view of the oil majors mantra: press more money out of a well, or plant, by reducing expenses deep down, and defer everything except basic use. More money from contracting resources: more significant yields. BP postponed all basic use to different organizations, government, investors㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ which is unfaithful to the individuals who upheld BPs business, by and b y, BP made increasingly genuine condition contamination on them. To exacerbate the situation, BP contracted the vast majority of their resources for the money which made increasingly unsteady business. By and by, BPs officials were as yet glad for their monetary administration which made high benefits and great business cycles. Such an organization doesn't pay their uses, makes risky and insecure of advantages and gets the money for, how could the residents and occupants tune in to the organization and trust the organization? The main thing BP Company worried about is high benefit. To keep up satisfactory security and wellbeing norms, organizations must maintain a strategic distance from: Business ruling against wellbeing and wellbeing guidelines. Business ruling against human rights. Business ruling against natural laws. Incapable administration on security and wellbeing conduction. Incapable administration of OSHA. Incapable administration of security and wellbeing line the board. Insufficient administration of expansive board of trustees. Deficient data of security and wellbeing discipline. Reckless demeanor of the executives. Cost cutting in security and wellbeing financial plan. Cost cutting in preparing, control of security and wellbeing. Cost cutting in purchasing legitimate hardware or purchase reasonable gear under wellbeing and wellbeing code. Commitment to political interests, or different interests outside the organizations. Partaking inadmissible strategic approaches. Under the business interests, the partnerships will in general follow up for the benefit of their own transient advantages, not in the interest of nature. This mollusk offers ascend to complex issues about business interests and company obligations. In my view, the case expect a distortedly limited perspective on company duties, disregarding certain parts of more consumption of security and wellbeing and condition counteraction. In actuality, expanding investors riches and safeguarding security condition now and again harmonizes and on occasion clashes. While the organizations may just concentrate on the business interests, an accidental poison contaminates nature, it would be cost substantially more to tidy up and reestablish the earth. Moreover, the pay of the dead and injury laborers caused the organizations more losing their inclinations than business interests. In this manner the workers would lose their positions, and the investors would lose their advantages also. In this way it caused the expanding of the oil costs, thus people all around the globe paid for these untrustworthy of condition harm. Money related pattern obviously a significant factor to be considered yet there are additionally a lot progressively fundamental variables playing similarly as urgent a job and not one of them, including, the wellbeing and wellbeing, partnership condition, social commitment, great management㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ Corporation obligations is deciding in each and every case. Be that as it may, not many organizations take more thought of business benefits, yet the BP blast catastrophe revealed to us the significance of the partnership duties: Financial cycle ought not be superseding factor in maintaining the business; the enterprise ought not take morals in exchanging off people for its own benefits. The way things are, the organization need take enterprise obligations to secure workers wellbeing and protecting the nature condition. In like manner, the organizations need to reasonably treat their workers by adhering to the work law. The organizations need to regard the human right of their representatives; don't make the laborers extra time work, put forth over attempts, and representatives reserve the privileges to have satisfactory order of safe and wellbeing working condition. Subsequently, the enterprises need to ensure the workers security and wellbeing by following the security and wellbeing conduction. The enterprise need have their own wellbeing and wellbeing guideline to forestall the startling security and wellbeing mishaps. On this ground, the organizations need to follow the significant wellbeing and wellbeing specialists conduction

Much Ado About Nothing Quotes

'A pointless furor about a pointless subject' Quotes A pointless furor about a pointless subject is one of Shakespeares comedies, with one of the most famous sentimental pairs ever. The play has mind, turns, turns - its a satire. Here are a couple of statements from the play. Act I He hath in reality preferable bettered desire over you should expect of me to disclose to you how. (1.1) He is an exceptionally valiant trencher-man. (1.1) I see, woman, the man of his word isn't in your books. (1.1) In time the savage bull doth bear the burden. (1.1) Act II Master! I was unable to persevere through a spouse with a facial hair all over: I hath rather lie in the woolen. (2.1) He that hath a whiskers is in excess of a young, and he that hath no facial hair is not exactly a man. (2.1) Talk low on the off chance that you talk love. (2.1) Fellowship is steady in all other thingsSave in the workplace and issues of love:Therefore all hearts in adoration utilize their own tongues;Let each eye haggle for itselfAnd trust no specialist. (2.1) There was a star moved, and under that was I conceived. (2.1) Murmur no more, women, moan no more,Men were tricksters ever,- One foot in ocean and one on shore,To one thing consistent never. (2.3) Act III Our discussion should just be of Benedick.When I do name him, let it by thy partTo acclaim him like never before man did merit:My converse with thee must be the manner by which BenedickIs debilitated in affection with Beatrice. Of this matterIs little Cupids cunning bolt made,That just injuries by noise. (3.1) Some Cupid murders with bolts, some with traps. (3.1) In the event that I see anything today around evening time why I ought not wed her tomorrow, in the assembly, where I should marry, there will I disgrace her. (3.2) I tell this story abhorrently I should initially tell thee how the Prince, Claudio, and my lord, planted and put and controlled by my lord Don John, saw a far distance off in the plantation this friendly experience. (3.3) Act IV There, Leonato, take her back again:Give not this spoiled orange to your friend;Shes but rather the sign and similarity to her respect. (4.1) Your little girl here the sovereigns left for dead,Let her for a spell be covertly kept in,And distribute it that she is dead in fact (4.1) She biting the dust, as it must be so maintaind,Upon the moment that she was accusd,Shall be deplored, felt sorry for, and excusdOf each listener (4.1) I love you with such a large amount of my heart that none is left to dissent. (4.1) O that he were here to record me an ass! Yet, aces, recall that I am an ass: however it be not recorded, yet overlook not that I am an ass. (4.2) Act V I state thou has misrepresented mine honest child;Thy defame hath experienced and through her heart,And she lies covered with her ancestorsO! in a tomb where never embarrassment slept,Save this of hers, framd by thy villainy! (5.1) I have deluded even your very eyes: what your wisdoms couldn't find, these shallow blockheads have uncovered, who in the night caught me admitting to this man, how Don John your sibling exasperated me to defame the Lady Hero. (5.1) I have tanked poison while he utterd it. (5.1) Despite the fact that and I are too shrewd to even think about wooing serenely. (5.2) What's more, when I livd I was your other wife;And when you lovd, you were my other spouse. (5.4) One Hero kicked the bucket defild, yet I do live,And clearly as I live, I am a house keeper. (5.4) In a word, since I do reason to wed, I will think nothing to any reason that the world can say against it; and in this way never mock at me for what I have said against it; for man is a thrilled thing, and this is my decision. (5.4)

Socrates and Nietzsches Views - Free Essay Example

What is good? What is bad or evil? What is ethical?Most people think they Naturally know what is good and bad .Most people may assume that having a lot of money ,being wealthy, enjoying human pleasures, being socially acceptable in the one which they live ,or having a high social and economic status . For instance , as a king or as a ruler you would undoubtedly enjoy all of these good things that would seemingly make one happy . On the flipside most people think that feeling hurt , being rejected by society , death , or being poor and living in poverty , are the worst things a person could experience in a lifetime . Most would agree that those who suffer from any of these bad things are doing far worse than those who are not . Socrates would say that this outlook is a mistaken conception. Socrates would not agree that things such as wealth are good and could bring one true happiness. Socrates thought that this way of looking at things was disastrous or detrimental . HE believed that every human naturally strives for happiness and desires to be happy . Socrates might say that if we truly do not understand what is truly good or bad then we would have wasted a lifetime pursuing all of the wrong things . According to Socrates there is only one good and this good is superior . This good Socrates spoke of is Virtue and it alone could bring happiness . The definition of virtue is ones behavior showing high moral standards . Clearly Socrates thought very highly of morality and that one being Moral could bring happiness. In turn , I believe Socrates would say being Immoral would bring one both sorrow and unhappiness. Socrates held virtue as number one in his life and that we all should. Socrates said that this was the greatest good in life. He would most likely agree that a truly virtuous or happy individual would not even fear death and death seems to be the worst thing that could happen to anyone . Socrates argued that to become virtuous we must truly understand what the word means. This is most likely the reason why Socrates constantly went around questioning everyone and everything . He was always in search of the true definition of a certain virtue .Socrates also might argue that being virtuous is ethical. But what about the bad things or evil things that people do such as stealing , killing , or even verbally harming each other ? Why do people do these things ? Socrates might argue that if people truly knew that what they were doing was bad then they wouldnt even do it in the first place . And he would probably say that commuting evil against another is basically taking away from ones own happiness and choosing not to acquire what you truly desire which is happiness. He might also say that most people do bad to others because they have a lack of knowledge and are ignorant . Socrates believed that all evil is committed involuntarily because people have a lack of knowledge . Also he believed that when lldoing bad things to people in hopes of gaining a good of any kind we are just hurting our selves . Socrates spoke a lot about the soul he states that the soul is our true self. Basically having a good conscience is being happy to Socrates I would think .In turn , having a guilty consci ence will deprive one of happiness . Socrates also believed that justice was not a political resolution for matters but instead justice is the state of a persons soul.Having wealth and riches with a guilty conscience is a waste Socrates would most likely argue because that rich person is truly unhappy. Socrates believed that an individual should live a virtuous life . Socrates was always questioning others about their personal beliefs and why they believed so. He says that examining out own lives or our souls is the most important thing in life . Examining what we do and why we do it is most important to Socrates . He also believes that a person who fails to continually self examine his or herself is living a worthless life . Socrates stood behind this notion and refused to stop self examining himself . This is basically what he said to the jury to defend himself against the charges he was facing . Socrates was accused of being ungodly and corrupting the young ones with his belie fs and personal convictions and ultimately he was found guilty and sentenced to death . Although sentenced to death he did not flee although he could have he did not because his soul would not let him. Socrates did not try to avoid death because it would contradict everything that he believed in . Socrates was truly virtuous and he could not break his moral code . Socrates would rather the whole city be happy than one individual being happy this is also another possible reason that Socrates did not flee the city in addition to the fact that he did not fear death. Clearly Socrates truly valued an orderly society and even though many may see Socrates being sentenced to death by the society by society as unjust , unfair ,or even evil, Socrates accepts his fate and chooses not run away . It may be confusing to many but I believe atleast one reason for this is because Socrates believes that is worse to do an unjust act than to receive an unjust treatment . Socratess philosophy is that it is damaging to the soul to harm others , in turn receiving harm is like having something that you own damaged or taken away from you . It may damage your soul when someone hurts you in my opinion but not nearly as much and on this point I can agree with Socrates . Socrates views on good /ethical seem to derive from human nature and emotions when I summarize everything . Friedrich Nietzche another philosopher also focuses on self reflection and morality but is totally different from Socrates . You may even say he is the complete opposite of Socrates because at first glance appears to be an amoralist (Ethics from classic and contemporary writers p 272) which is someone who disregards morals . This may not be neccecarily one hundred percent accurate because Nietzsche had morals he just questioned the origins of what man believes is moral or immoral , basically why do we believe something is moral or immoral. Why is something good or bad ? Why is something right or wrong ? He believes that western morality itself is a danger to achieving ones full potential and true greatness. He even goes on to call it the danger of all dangers (on the Genealogy of Morality). A lot of people if not most do not question why things are morally good or bad according to Nietzsche but rather conform to the social norms of the society in which they live . He believes tha t the morality of the western world which is dominant is still present today, and believes it to be unnatural . He goes on to call it antinatutural Morality which turns against the instincts of life (Genealogy of Morality) he believed that the western perception of Morality forces most to become something less than what they are capable of being or destined to be . He most likely would agree that those who disregard the social norms and morals of the western civilization have the most potential to be great and successful . He calls the majority of people the herd or the many , and once one separates himself /herself from this group they have the potential to become higher men . The Higher man is the man who may seem superior to the herd . Whether it be he has wealth , a special gift that he was born with , good health , anything that causes another to have envy for him. He believes that being part of the herd is not a good thing because it causes one to be a weak sickly being , a failure . Nietzsche also believes that Morality is the main reason people become filled with hatred and envy . He believes that these higher men are perceived as evil to the many .The reason for this is because when someone else becomes more successful or great in anyway it causes the herd to want to bring that successful person down or even destroy that person. This may be one reason Nietzsche finds things like equality and compassion a bit distasteful . Nietzsche would most likely say that the meanings of good and bad have meant different things at different moments and are always subject to change depending on who is perceiving it . For Nietzsche this is the same for the m atter of truth, it is not written in stone and it is all about perception. Nietzche might even go on to say that the words good and evil have no definite meaning at all . Its kind of like that quote that says beauty is in the eyes of the beholder . He believes if you do not free yourself from these social norms and expectations you will never be the best that you can be , you must question everything . The world is constantly changing and so is the truth Nietzche may argue . When Nietzche says beyond good and evil he is trying to get people to see past the social norms of our societies . It does not mean that Nietzche did not have morals it simply means that for one to reach his or her full potential we have to get over the Moral values instilled by our society ,government , or religion . In other words everything is not simply black and white there are numerous maybe even an infinite amount of grey areas. Nietzsche uses this phrase to get us to open our minds outside of the he rd morality because thinking in such a way denies one his or her true essence . Nietzche is well known for the quote God is Dead (the Gay Science) this one sentence seems to strike a fatal blow at religion specifically Christianity , what a statement! Although being an atheist at the time of this writing he did not mean it in a literal since what Nietzsche was trying to get across is that the many are governed by the governed and simply to what they are told just like a herd of animals . Whats good is only good because you are told it is good . In turn what is evil is only evil because you were taught so . Nietzsche believes that people should not try to push their beliefs on others or their good , he just wants people to critically think for themselves and define our own good and our own bad . Nietzsches work causes one to question almost everything that we know . Its all about ones perception of the world we live in far as morality , I think that this is Nietzsches main goal in his writings another example of this is the slave morality and the master moral ity . Most likely the masters look in the mirror and see themselves as good and feel no bad about owning slaves or about the way they treat their slaves .The masters may even see the slaves as bad or evil , because who wants to be a slave? Im sure there were few slaves that didnt mind but just looking at it from a realistic point of view , the many of the slaves probably wished that they were free or even that they were masters . In addition the slaves most likely felt resentment towards their masters or atleast some sort of envy due to their lack of having the power , money , freedom etc.. that slave masters possessed. It makes sense that once we can look past good and evil we better understand the world we live in. Both Socrates and Nietzche make me think deep about life and even make me realize that I may need to re assess the way that I look at things . I think I agree with both of them to a certain extent if not completely as far as their outlooks on good , bad , and ethics in general but I would side more with Socrates because I personally agree that being virtuous can make one happy . I also feel that being virtuous is the key to happiness . I am facing an issue though because Nietzsche breaks down morality into tiny pieces and makes one think well if being virtuous means being Moral then what is being Moral ? Is being Moral doing only what we think is moral or does it have a literal meaning ? I guess I have to make a decision based on my personal views . I would choose Socrates because I favor him more as a person and what he stood for .but far as who makes me think more critically I would have to say Nietzche because he really made me see that we are controlled by our social norms . Ma ny of us are worried about whos watching ? , what will people think if I did this or that? Will my religion still accept me if I did this or didnt do this? People are always following the herd or the many like Nietzche says .I admire an individual who is not afraid to stand on his own and be alone . I admire an individual who isnt afraid to not fit in and not fit in , because it is those individuals who in my opinion form new ideas and make our world the way it is today . Without those noble ones we would not have many of the things we have today . If they were just following the herd they would not be able to branch off and provide the world with creativity . In my opinion being part of a herd provides little to no benefit and I would agree with Nietzche that it would even make you a weak person and stop one from reaching their full potential . We need those Noble ones in our world today where the herd morality is still very much alive . This is in a sense a monkey see monkey do kind of world that we live in and if you stand out a little bit you may be perceived as bad , ugly , unjust , unkind , or even evil . Its those fearless ones who I truly admire and its those like Nietzche who can think outside of the box and ask why this and why that? In my opinion it is important to question everything and everyone .you should always ask why or would you just rather blindly follow ? Or would you like to know where you are being lead?

Ethical Ethics Of The Ethical System Essay - 2078 Words

Do you think people believe that ethical systems are important to the world, or do you believe you have to actually learn about it to understand? The main focus of this paper is to better understand the ethical system. Ethical system is defined as beliefs of being right or wrong; it can be from religious values or even personal experiences. The topics I will focus on is teleological, then talk a little about the differences between deontological and teleological. Secondly, my current ethical system that best fits me. Third, major influence in my life that pushed me into my specific ethical system. Fourth, my current career plans, Firth ethical issues associated with my profession, and lastly, examples of specific ethical dilemmas that professionals in my career path have to face. Based on the ethical system we have discussed in class is ethic of care. Teleological mean judges behaviors based solely on their consequences. According to the lecture, teleologist believes that cheating; lying, torturing and killing can be moral in some circumstances but not all. The rightness or integrity of an activity is somehow dictated by the results, which take after from the demonstration. According to Frankena, a definitive standard of what is ethically right or wrong is the esteem brought into being. The last assurance must be founded on the near measure of good delivered or the similar adjust of good over fiendishness created. In this manner, a demonstration is correct if and just ifShow MoreRelatedEthical Systems : Ethics And Ethics Essay1219 Words   |  5 Pages Ethical System Reflection The Ethics in Justice course has outlined various ethical systems. This was done using the course textbook: Ethical Dilemmas and Decisions in Criminal Justice HUM 3350 Custom Edition by Lethbridge College, and peer presentations on each of the ethical systems outlined in the text. 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One of the most important ethical philosophers of modern times has been John Rawls, who made a clear distinction between comprehensive moral systems and less comprehensive systems. The distinction can help better understand the idea of ethical leadership. To Rawls, the two differ in the following manner: †¢ ComprehensiveRead MoreEthics in Criminal Justice Administration1433 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Ethics in Criminal Justice Administration CJA 484 Lori Madison Nowhere is ethical behavior more important than the administration of criminal justice. Lack of ethical behavior undermines the purpose of the criminal justice system. The cost of unethical behavior will be the downfall of the criminal justice system and only by gaining a true understanding of what ethical behavior is and how to maintain it will the system continue to flourish. While the ethical standard individualsRead More Personal Ethics Development Essay1074 Words   |  5 Pages Ethical behavior and development are traits and skills that are always improving. Although the skills are improving the basic make up remain the same. The ability to incorporate character, morals, and values encourage a person’s ability to enhance the ethical behavior of an individual. This paper will define the ethical system used to best develop a person, discuss the potential effect that can become beneficial to the corporate environment and explain why organizations need ethics within theR ead MoreA Paper on Ethics1255 Words   |  5 PagesEthics Introduction There are a variety of different ethical systems that have developed of the course of millennia. However, even though the subject has been covered so thoroughly, it is still heavily debated. 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Social Learning Theory Of Crime - 1278 Words

Introduction as a general concept, social learning theory has been applied to the many different fields of social science to explain why certain individuals develop motivation to commit (or abstain from) crime and develop the skills to commit crime through the people they associate with. Social Learning Theory (SLT) is one of the most frequently looked at theories in the criminology field. This theory was introduced by Ronald L. Akers as a reformulation of Edwin H. Sutherland s (1947) differential association theory of crime meld with principles of behavior psychology (Bradshaw, 2011). Akers retained the concepts of differential association and definitions from Sutherland s theory, but conceptualized them in more behavioral terms and†¦show more content†¦Different Reinforcements Differential reinforcements refers to the balance of anticipated or actual rewards and punishment that follow or are consequences of behavior. Whether individuals will refrain from or commit a crime depends on the balance of past, present, and anticipated future rewards and punishments for their actions (Akers and Jensen, 2006 p. 39-40). The probability that an act will be committed or repeated is increased by rewards that are higher in value and/or greater in number- positive reinforcement. Reinforces can be nonsocial as well, for example, the direct physical effects of drugs and alcohol (Akers et al. 1979). However, whether or not these effects are experienced positively or negatively is based upon previous learned expectations. Definitions Definitions are ones attitudes or meanings that one attaches to a given behavior. Those definitions could influence deviant behavior if asscotiated to crime.Human interaction and the fact that learning occurs both directly, through socialization agents, and indirectly through the observation of others behavior and consequences is important to acknowledge when looking at social leraning theory as stated by Radar and Haynes (2011, p. 291-292). These human interactions influence the types of definitions favorable to unfavorable toShow MoreRelatedSocial Learning Theory Of Crime And Crime1310 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 6 DB 1 Using Social Learning Theory Introduction Social learning theory is a considered an overall theory of crime and criminality and has been used to explain both criminal and non-criminal behavior. One of these youth gangs we will use this theory to understanding the criminal behavior is called the Zoe Pound. They are teenagers and older men in their 20s in this gang. They have become a problem in the last few years mostly because is of all the attention they are receiving all because ofRead MoreThe Social Theory Of Crime Essay1548 Words   |  7 Pagestypes of theories that try explaining why crime continues to occur in everyday society. Although, only one theory in particular throughout my research stood out. This theory is the purpose of this research paper and that theory is the Social Process Theory, also known as the Social learning theory. This theory believes that criminality is a function of a person’s interactions with many organizations, intuitions, and processes in society. Theory The definition of the Social Process Theory is the ongoingRead MoreThe Social Control Theory And Social Learning Theory1713 Words   |  7 Pagesperception has come from, many have created theories about the topic while others have combined theories to get a better insight. The reason behind this is to create a better understanding as to why people commit crimes. With all the theories that seem to be possible, two of them seem to be the most popular: social control theory and social learning theory. Although they have their similarities and differences, the social control theory and social learning theory bring a better understanding to the worldRead MoreAlbert Bandura s Social Learning Theory1737 Words   |  7 PagesTheory of Social Learning Albert Bandura’s social learning theory posits that observation is a major constituent of behaviour development (Bandura, 1978). Observation models include attractiveness, status and perceived similarities. The imitation of behaviour is determined by the outcome of the observation model (Bandura, 1978). There is a high probability of behaviour imitation when the observed behaviour is reinforced on condition that the reinforcement is appealing to the observer. However, ifRead MoreSocial Bond And Social Learning Theory1570 Words   |  7 Pageswhy crime happens if a very important concept. Throughout history, criminologist have debated on which theory of crime is most accurate. Currently, social bond and social learning theory are two of the leading theories in the criminological world. Between these two theories there are a variety of differences and similarities. In addition to these theories Gottfredson and Hirschi have published a book where they use the concept of self con trol to describe crime. Analyzing these three theories canRead MoreSocial Learning Theory And Social Theory1133 Words   |  5 Pagesare many theories in the field of criminology that seek to explain the reasons behind why people commit crimes. Social process theory is one such theory and asserts that criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others (Schmalleger, 2012). There are four types of social process theories including: social learning theory, social control theory, labeling theory, and dramaturgical perspective. This paper will explore two of the theories including social learning theory and social controlRead MoreSocial And Social Learning Theory1553 Words   |  7 PagesThe Social Learning Theory is best defined as crime is learned through associations with others who commit crimes. Juveniles are very impressionable or gullible, wherein they want to be popular or part of the in-crowd or clique. In comparison to the 1970’s versus today, juveniles are emulating criminals depicted on television not just through associations. Consider the current state of technology, specifically the internet and websites such as â€Å"You Tube.† With respect to crime and juvenile delinquentsRead MoreExamining Theory Paper1219 Words   |  5 Pages Examining Theory Paper Criminology—CJA/314 December 20, 2012 Sandra Janics Introduction There are many theories in the field of criminology that seek to explain the reasons behind why people commit crimes. Social process theory is one such theory and asserts that criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others (Schmalleger, 2012). There are four types of social process theories including: social learning theory, social control theory, labeling theory, and dramaturgical perspectiveRead MoreA Norm Is A Rule Of Behavior Of Individuals In Society1491 Words   |  6 Pagessociety or groups, Emile Durkheim sociological founder considered norms to be social factors that exist in individual’s society of independence that creates the shapes of our behaviors and thoughts (Crossman, 2017). In the terms of not having sociality without social control the society would have no function without enforcing social orders that make daily life and the complex division of labor possible (Crossman, 2017). Social order is produced by ongoing life longs process of so cialization that individualRead MoreStreet Code : The Cultural Argument Essay990 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Code of the Streets† is a perfect illustration for cultural arguments because it involves environments that are susceptible to learning a criminal culture; even up to a point of promoting that type of criminal behavior as â€Å"normal†. It also has links to Differential Association and Social Learning theories of crime Culture transmission theories or cultural theories are theories that try to explain why, at a macro-level, some environments are breeding grounds for criminal behavior. Also why these types

Aunt minnie radiology cases Example For Students

Aunt minnie radiology cases Olliers disease NF 1: Pseudoarthrosis of Tibia Progressive Massive Fibrosis Neuroblastoma with Mets Pyknodysostosis Rolando Fracture (Comminuted Bennetts) Artery of Percheron Infarct GBM Inguinal Hernia with Obstruction Scimitar Syndrome Thyroid Opthalmopathy Blounts CLE Joubert Syndrome 35 year old. Diagnosis? Adamantinoma Caudal Regression Tophaceous Gout Supracardiac TAPVR Bilateral Retinoblastoma Meconium Peritonitis Ellis van Creveld Hexadactyly , short tubularbones and cone shaped epiphyses Absent lateral proximal tibial epiphyses Dome shaped metaphyses Sturge Weber Lipoma of CC Ovarian Teratoma Proximal Focal Femoral Deficiency Uncontrasted CT. Diagnosis? Colloid Cyst (with early hydrocephalus) Central Neurocytoma Fongs (Nail-Patella Syndrome) Giant Cell Tumour 60 year old. Diagnosis? Pagets Segond Fracture Achalasia Kawasaki Disease Lisfranc Fracture/dislocation Klippel Trenaunay Weber Achondroplasia Holt Oram Triphalangeal thumb Multiple Sclerosis Adrenoleukodystrophy Pseudomyxoma Peritonei Budd Chiari Newborn. Diagnosis? Prune Belly Septo-optic Dysplasia Croup (LTB) 25 year old. Diagnosis? Cystic Fibrosis Wolmans Disease NF 2 Scurvy Duodenal atresia Complete congenital intrinsic obstruction of the duodenum. Result from failed recanalization. Associations: Downs, Polyhydromnios Plain-film: double-bubble sign is diagnostic (gaseous distention of the stomach and an enlarged duodenal bulb or mega bulb). No intestinal gas is seen distal to the duodenum Contrasted swallow not indicated. Distal gas requires further investigation for other etiologies of neonatal duodenal obstruction duodenal stenosis or web, malrotation with Ladds bands or volvulus, annular pancreas, or duplication cyst

Leadership Style Emotion

Article Summary The article on Leadership Style Emotion has broadly explored the impact of negative and positive organizational behaviors. According to the authors, all leaders aim at maximizing the ultimate performance of their workers in regards to achieving their organizational goals (McColl-Kennedy Anderson, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Leadership Style Emotion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The leadership style administered is therefore very crucial for reaching and achieving the set goals. The authors assert that the transformational approach in leadership is more yielding compared to the transaction approach (McColl-Kennedy Anderson, 2002). They argue that the style of leadership used contributes greatly in the performance of the subordinate. Links Between Performance and Leadership Nonetheless, McColl-Kennedy Anderson (2002) are careful to note that leadership style cannot be the sole determinant factor in regards to workers’ performance. Factors such as worker’s perception of their leader’s style in leadership greatly affect their performance (McColl-Kennedy Anderson, 2002). Workers feelings about their ability to perform with the type of leadership provided has a great influence on their willingness to perform their duties as the authors assert (McColl-Kennedy Anderson, 2002). The article shows the links between performance and leadership styles as well as the implications of an imbalance between the two. Organizational behavior is greatly influenced by the leadership in an organization. Workers respond positively or negatively in their performance due to the organizational leadership structure. Leadership structures may cause the workers to feel more closely attached to the organization or it can create a social distance that can be detrimental to the success of the organization. There are a number of models of organizational behav ior, which include, Autocrat, custodial, supportive, and collegial models.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Leadership Models In the models mentioned above, each meets a certain need. For instance, the autocrat model meets the subsistence needs of the employees. The custodial model on the other hand provides the employer with security and benefits. These two models according to research have been proven to have a minimal performance response. The supportive model as well as the collegiate model both focuses on encouraging the workers hence enhancing their performance. However, with the four models above, not many organizations operate with one exclusively without engaging at least an extra model. Managerial leadership that supports teamwork encourages employees to be responsible and demonstrate friendly relations will fellow colleagues (Roman Boyce, 2001). This po sitive organizational behavior can contribute greatly in achieving organizational goals. If for instance the management could consider investing in their employees through training, the performance of the organization would increase. Case Study, Hypothesis The management in a particular company decided to hold a training program aimed at improving workers’ knowledge on the market needs. They decided to offer training free of charge to their employees. Other employees also attended the seminar from different organization but they had to pay. Almost 90% of the employees of the organizing company attended the seminar, which was designed to improve their skills and productivity in the industry (Gilbreath Harris, 2002). A few months later after the conference, there were notable changes in the organization in terms of workers’ interaction as well as financial growth. The performance of the company went up.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on L eadership Style Emotion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company’s workforce became more free and interacted more efficiently with each other and a friendly culture was developed within the organization. The training helped the workers to have closer relations and work as a team. Best Leadership Models Leadership that focuses on the employees is more often successful compared to one that does not (Geller, 2001). Applying such leadership models that focus on the employees’ welfare such as the supportive and the collegial models, workers’ performance improves. This is partly due to a feeling of belonging and being part of the company. A company that supports and pays more attention to employees’ prerequisites benefits from greater loyalty compared to one that does not. With workers feeling as part of the company, their performance will definitely improve positively. Quality of Work Life, QWL and Its Effec ts For best performance among the workers, a leader must be keen to address the organization’s Quality of Work Life, QWL from time to time (Abernathy, 2001). Quality of Work Life refers to the favorable or the unfavorable working conditions in an organization. Leaders are tasked with the responsibility to ensure that the working environment is perfect and that it can allow effective and maximum productivity. According to McColl-Kennedy Anderson (2002), working conditions greatly influence the emotional buildup of workers. The authors indicate that both the leaders and the subordinates may have some negative or positive feelings depending on the working conditions they are subjected to (McColl-Kennedy Anderson, 2002). Conclusion The article therefore has outlined the ways through which leadership in organizations can influence the organizational behavior. According to the authors, subordinates respond positively or negatively to the leadership style that is in place.Advertis ing Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that before engaging a leadership model it is critical to analyze its impact on the organizational culture. A leadership style that contradicts workers’ culture will be rejected hence escalate negative emotions. As the authors have indicated, I agree that leadership styles have great impacts on organizational behavior. References Abernathy, B. (2001). Focused vs. Consolidated Measures in Performance Pay Systems. The Behavior Analyst Today, 3 (1), 7–12. Geller, S. (2001). Behavioral Safety: Meeting the Challenge of Making a Large-Scale Difference. The Behavior Analyst Today, 2 (2), 64–75. Gilbreath Harris (2002) Performance-Based Pay in the Workplace: Magic Potion or Malevolent Poison? The Behavior Analyst Today, 3 (3), 311–316. McColl-Kennedya, J., Anderson, R. (2002). Impact of leadership style and emotions On subordinate performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 1 (1) 545–559. Roman, H.R. Boyce, T.E. (2001). Institutionalizing Behavior -Based Safety: Theories, Concepts, and Practical Suggestions. The Behavior Analyst Today, 3 (1), 76–82. This critical writing on Leadership Style Emotion was written and submitted by user Gemma Pacheco to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

s Devotion

Antigone’s Devotion In the Greek play, Antigone, written by Sophocles a young princess of the same name as the play is faced with the death of her brother and the King’s decree not to bury him. Antigone shows her many traits as a character by going against her King and Uncle Creon and standing up for what she believes to be right. By doing so, Antigone shows her strength’s, her stubbornness, and her devotion to her brother. She holds this attitude until the closing stages of the play in which she reveals her more dejected side after realizing her fate. Antigone exhibits her strong will and bravery through her encounters with Creon and the possibility of death. From the outset of the play, Antigone shows her lack of fear of the King when she tells her sister Ismene that she is â€Å"†¦not afraid of the danger; if it means death, / It will not be the worst deaths-death without honor†(1231; Prologue). This establishes Antigone’s fearless mind-set regarding a meaningful death. Her encounters with Creon also shows the bravery in Antigone. She publicly questions his authority by declaring â€Å"Your edict, King, was strong, / But all your strength is weakness itself against / The immortal unrecorded laws of God.† By doing this Antigone infuriates the King and only makes certain her fate of death. Antigone’s strong will can also be perceived as stubbornness, and this in part leads to her demise. Her total lack of recognition of Creon’s authority and opinion is her major shortcoming as a character. She follows her belief’s ignoring consequences other’s opinions. This is shown in her arguments with Creon and Ismene. Instead of listening to others’ solutions to her issue, Antigone would rather do things her way without taking into account repercussions. Antigone demonstrates her obduracy when Ismene tells her to keep the fact that Antigone buried Polynices a secret and Antigone replies that she doesn’t care if everyone fi... 's Devotion Free Essays on Antigone\'s Devotion Antigone’s Devotion In the Greek play, Antigone, written by Sophocles a young princess of the same name as the play is faced with the death of her brother and the King’s decree not to bury him. Antigone shows her many traits as a character by going against her King and Uncle Creon and standing up for what she believes to be right. By doing so, Antigone shows her strength’s, her stubbornness, and her devotion to her brother. She holds this attitude until the closing stages of the play in which she reveals her more dejected side after realizing her fate. Antigone exhibits her strong will and bravery through her encounters with Creon and the possibility of death. From the outset of the play, Antigone shows her lack of fear of the King when she tells her sister Ismene that she is â€Å"†¦not afraid of the danger; if it means death, / It will not be the worst deaths-death without honor†(1231; Prologue). This establishes Antigone’s fearless mind-set regarding a meaningful death. Her encounters with Creon also shows the bravery in Antigone. She publicly questions his authority by declaring â€Å"Your edict, King, was strong, / But all your strength is weakness itself against / The immortal unrecorded laws of God.† By doing this Antigone infuriates the King and only makes certain her fate of death. Antigone’s strong will can also be perceived as stubbornness, and this in part leads to her demise. Her total lack of recognition of Creon’s authority and opinion is her major shortcoming as a character. She follows her belief’s ignoring consequences other’s opinions. This is shown in her arguments with Creon and Ismene. Instead of listening to others’ solutions to her issue, Antigone would rather do things her way without taking into account repercussions. Antigone demonstrates her obduracy when Ismene tells her to keep the fact that Antigone buried Polynices a secret and Antigone replies that she doesn’t care if everyone fi...

Human Resource Management for Service Industries Assignment - 2

Human Resource Management for Service Industries - Assignment Example The alternative medical systems goal is to treat, diagnose and prevent mental or physical illness and often incorporate medication and non-medication therapies. It regards the human being to be a rare psychological, physical and spiritual entity. From this holistic approach, it is the pathological or physiological interaction among these aspects that defines health or illness. The origin of health or illness also relies on the interrelation between nature, the human being and the cosmos. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is guided by the principle that in order to prevent diseases the best approach would be health preservation. This healing system concurs with my beliefs regarding health or illness. It is essential for us to reinforce the health of our bodies before illness attacks rather than curing it after it has struck. Also, it is vital for us to live better lifestyles and have good nutrition choices before the insurgence of a disease rather opting to get prescriptions after problems have arisen. Alternative medical systems are holistic in that they tie physical symptoms around various aspects of the human being inclusive of his or her social and natural environment. They are basically person-centered. There is increased awareness globally on the necessity to maintain a healthy lifestyle. People are turning to strategies of prevention of diseases. Alternative medical systems offers best practices to future patients who wish to lead healthy life styles and prevent illness. Its effectiveness is gaining popularity among patients and its future embrace would be widened greatly. Roberti di Sarsina, P., Alivia, M., & Guadagni, P. (2012). Traditional, complementary and alternative medical systems and their contribution to personalisation, prediction and prevention in medicine—person-centred medicine. The EPMA Journal, 3(15), 1-10.

Quiz Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Quiz - Assignment Example Even though the concept of neoclassical economics has gained fame through the implementation by various economists, there are critics on the principle. The economists who were majorly involved in the neoclassical concept in economics are George Stigler, John Hicks, William Stanley, John Bates Clark, and Carl Menger (Frostater, 23). Neoclassical approach is based on several features that are common in various schools of economic thought. A prominent economist called Roy Weintraub argued that the neoclassical economic concept if based on three assumptions that; consumers concentrate on utility maximization while firms concentrate on profit maximization, people are always operating independently due to the fact of relying on the relevant information and there is also a great perception in the aspect of rationale preferences in the individuals. The idea of neoclassical criticism brings the element of imperfect completion in the market. This happens in various ways such as; large business organizations may come together with a goal of neoclassical profit maximization but if there is a rejection in social issues, there is a problem, making the neoclassical equilibrium theory companionable with the economic situation delays thus creating chances for poor performance. There are complex mathematical concepts that are challenging to relate with the current economic situations in the markets. This section concentrates on some three strategic programs that are required in order to meet the long-term economic policies and goals of Stockholm such as becoming a state that is carbon neutral, clean technology and facilitating the economic opportunities from green innovation technology (Frostater, 71). The three sectors are improving urban transport and accessibility, production of energy resources that are free from carbon and creativity or innovation in the business premises. Maintenance of

Psychosocial theory Essay Example for Free

Psychosocial theory Essay Erik H. Erikson adapted and expanded Freud’s theory of development to include the entire life span, believing that people continue to develop throughout life. He describes eight stages of development. Erikson envisions life as a sequence of levels of achievement. Each stage signals a task that must be achieved. The resolution of the task can be complete, partial, or unsuccessful. Erikson believes that the greater the task achievement, the healthier the personality of the person; failure to achieve a task influences the person’s ability to achieve the next task. These developmental tasks can be viewed as a series of crises, and successful resolution of these crises is supportive to the persons’ ego. Failure to resolve the crises is damaging to the ego. Erikson’s eight stages reflect both positive and negative aspects of the critical life periods. The resolution of the conflicts at each stage enables the person to function effectively in society. Each phase ha sits developmental task, and the individual must find a balance between, for example, trust versus mistrust or integrity versus despair. When using Erikson’s developmental framework, nurses should be aware of indicators of positive and negative resolution of each stage. It is also important to be aware that the environment is highly influential in development, according to Erikson. One can enhance an individual’s development by being aware of the person’s developmental stage and by helping the person develop coping skills relative to stressors experienced at that level. One can strengthen an individual’s positive resolution of a developmental task by providing the individual with appropriate opportunities and encouragement. For example, a 10- year- old child can be encouraged to be creative, to finish schoolwork, and to learn how to accomplish these tasks within the limitations imposed by health. Erikson emphasizes that people must change and adapt their behavior to maintain control over their lives. In his view, no stage in personality development can be bypassed, but people can become fixated at one stage or regress to a previous stage under anxious or stressful conditions. For example, a middle- aged woman who has never satisfactorily accomplished the task of resolving identity versus role confusion might regress to an earlier stage when stressed by an illness with which she cannot cope. Erikson’s eight stages of development include Infancy, central task is trust versus mistrust; Early Childhood, central task is autonomy versus shame and doubt; Late Childhood, central task is initiative versus guilt; School Age, central task is industry versus inferiority; Adolescence, central task is identity versus role confusion; Young Adulthood, central task is intimacy versus isolation; Adulthood, central task is generativity versus stagnation and Maturity, in which the central task is integrity versus despair. The indicators of positive resolution for each stages are; learning to trust others for Infancy; self control without loss of self –esteem, ability to cooperate and to express oneself for Early Childhood; learning the degree to which assertiveness and purpose influence the environment, beginning ability to evaluate one’s own behavior for Late Childhood; beginning to create, develop, and manipulate, developing sense of competence and perseverance for School age; coherent sense of self, plans to actualize one’s abilities for Adolescence; intimate relationship with another person, commitment to work and relationships for Young Adulthood; creativity, productivity, concern for others for Adulthood and; acceptance of worth and uniqueness of one’s own life, acceptance of death for Maturity or in the last stage of life of being an adult.

Foreign Borrowing in 16th Century Spain :: European History Essays

Foreign Borrowing in 16th Century Spain This paper examines the lending by Genoese-led cartel to Phillip II of Spain in the 16th century from the viewpoint of sovereign debt. The Genoese linked specie deliveries from Spain to the Low Countries to lending in order to cartel created a penalty to enforce their loans. If the king tried to renege, the Genoese applied the penalty and the king eventually repaid. I. Introduction Sovereign lending, throughout history, has been marked by occurrences of partial default and repudiation by governments of all kind; from medieval princes to dictators to democratic regimes. In the 1970s lending to lesser-developed countries led to the rescheduling and partial defaults in the 1980s. Even the sustainability of the debt of nations such as Belgium, Canada, Italy and even the United States is not free from suspect. The reign of Philip II of Spain provides a good example to extend our knowledge of sovereign lending. Philip II fought wars through out his reign. To finance fluctuations in military expenditures, he had to borrow extensively. Repeatedly, Philip II’s Genoese lenders had imposed debt ceilings on the Crown. Once after reaching the debt ceiling, the Genoese suspended lending. They further punished Spain by executing a penalty in order to force payment of loans; an embargo on specie delivered to Spain’s armies. The military consequence of the embargo was severe. â€Å"Spain was the predominant military power of the age, and Philip II was the last sovereign to credibly threaten to dominate Europe until Napoleon.(Kennedy p30)†. This played a significant role in testing Philip II’s aspirations in Europe and eventually caused Philip II to cede to the lenders. Sovereign debt theories first must assume the premise that there is no third party enforcers and that lenders must be able to enforce claims on their own. In addition these theories use reputation arising through repeated interaction to generate equilibria. It is only then that lending agreements are made and self-enforcing. Bulow and Rogoff (1989b) show that no lending will occur if the only threat is to cut off future lending. This is because merely the threat to withdraw credit is not a severe enough penalty to prevent the Crown from repudiating his debt. Lenders would then anticipate this, and consequently, they do not lend. There are two classes of models that elaborate on Bulow and Rogoff’s result and provide environments where repudiation does sustain positive debt.

What Makes CarMax Great? Essay

                  Organizational culture forms part of the influencing factor towards the success of an organization. Within every organization, there are practices, which are considered the norm, and dictates how operations in an organization are carried out. Organization culture also depends on the type of leadership within an organization. CarMax organization culture has contributed greatly to its performance, which has seen it become famous in all of its locations to the extent of being ranked among the top companies in Fortune 500 magazine. Its culture revolves various artefacts such as language, physical structure, values, ceremonies and rituals. The success of the company is realized from benefits of organizational culture, which include increased sales, productivity, customers’ loyalty and efficient service delivery. Therefore, positive organizational culture should be promoted within organizations. Abstract                Organizational culture is as a set of attitudes, norms, beliefs and practices that are shared by employees as well as the management in any organization or company (McShane, & Von, 2014). The culture generally includes various factors such as how customers, suppliers, employees and other stakeholders are treated when making decisions within an organization in addition to speed, level and process of decision-making (Ovidiu-Iliuta, 2014). Moreover, the culture encompasses the level of control and formality that is applied when carrying out operations and rewards giving to good performances within an organization.                CarMax IncOrganizational culture plays an important role within organizations whereby it helps in outlining the behaviors that are appropriate for employees and other operation practices. An organization that has clearly defined it culture ensures that the members of the organization know what the company or organization expects from them and stakeholders expect from the company (McShane, & Von, 2014). Organizational culture simply helps in defining an organization and its employees and giving it identity. The sense of identity is also communicated to the customers of the company, the employees of the company, the suppliers as well as the general public that constantly interact with the company.                All stakeholders, both external and internal, know who a company or an organization is through the culture that is communicated to them by the company or organization (Ledimo, 2013). Furthermore, it is to be noted that organizational culture helps in giving employees the sense of identity and provides the overall goals and objectives of the organization. Organizational culture is what holds the company or organization together through hard times and easy times (CarMax, Inc. SWOT Analysis, 2014).                CarMax is one of the largest retailers of used cars in the United States and is one of the Fortune 500 Companies. The first location of the company was opened up in the year 1993, and since then, it has experienced increased growth (CarMax Business Services, LLC, 2014). The CarMax Company had 128 locations by January 2014, clearly an indication that the company has grown over the years. The growth in the company can greatly be attributed to the organizational culture and values among other factors, which have propelled the company to the current position. Artifacts Language                CarMax Company is a retailer based in the United States. The language that is generally used for business in the United States is the English language (Ovidiu-Iliuta, 2014). As part of the language used at CarMax, the slogan used which helps in giving identity to the company is â€Å"The way car buying should be.† The employees work as team, which is evidenced by high interpersonal relationships among them. The interpersonal relationship is also extended to customers where employees’ high communication skills are maintained across all departments. Rituals/ceremonies                   Apart from the language that is used within the company for business and interactions between the associates and even with customers and other stakeholders, ceremonies are part of the organizational culture within the company. It is the culture of CarMax that whenever employees perform well, they are reward for their efforts. The rewards do not only just come in form of presents and other rewards; instead, the company always organize for steak cookouts for the employees. The steak cookouts are conducted regularly every time there are employees to be reward for great performance within the company. This provides an opportunity for the employees to interact with one another and share their ideas for the improvement of their performance and success of the company.                   Furthermore, it is also part of the organizational culture to ensure that the associates within the company have fun in addition to the customers. The company organizes for regular pizza parties and steak outs for its employees and encourages an atmosphere that is friendly driven by the focus of the company on integrity towards the customers and the employees of the company (McShane, & Von, 2014). Employees are rewarded with benefits such as holidays, time away, and paid vacations. Furthermore, the company offers rewards such as purchase of cars and accessories at discounted prices, discounts on childcare, appliances, fitness memberships, cell phones, travel, and furniture among others that help the employees save money. Consequently, The company employees show high respects for their customers and address them calmly. This has seen the company develop loyalty and build emotional connections with its employees, which contributes to its success.                   When hiring, CarMax normally conducts telephone interviews before face-to-face interviews. It is also the culture at CarMax when recruiting to conduct panel interviews as well as behavioural interviews for new employees. To set itself apart from other companies, CarMax also offers testing to interviewees before they can be employed. This ensures only the most qualified are employed. The hiring process is quote intensive ensuring that employees with the relevant skills are employed. This has been one of the contributing factors towards the success of the company because there is no compromise on the quality of staffs employed. Physical structures                   CarMax operates in what are known as superstores whereby a typical store is about 59,000 square feet (5,500  m2), and it carries about 300 to 400 vehicles. Furthermore, CarMax has a home office that appears like a glass box that has been modernized and is slipped in a forest (ADD Inc, 2014). The office located in such a way that there is access to daylight. It also has energy-efficient systems that regulate and control the energy consumption within the structures. The home office is designed in such a way that it appears beautiful in its natural surroundings.                     The structures are constructed using a campus plan which helps in minimizing the impact of its size whereby four-storey parking has been used. The inside of the building is constructed in such a way that it has strategically located points of interaction for the associates and customers. This helps in building a culture of collaboration and collegiality within the company. The headquarters of the company is a five-story office building that is made up of 243,000 square feet for offices, in addition to 19,000-square-foot used as a fitness facility.                  The building is located in a 3,500-acre piece of land in West Creek Business Park in the county of Goochland. The building is surrounded with trees and has a pedestrian connector that simply joins the office building and a parking deck that can host 1000 cars (ADD Inc, 2014). As part of the physical structure, CarMax uses yellow, navy blue and white colour as part of its identity. The company logo is made up of the colours mentioned; giving it unique looks that distinguishes it from other companies. The staffs of the company also put on uniforms, mostly t-shirts, that bear the logo of the company and the colours of the company. This also helps in uniting the employees by giving the identity of being equal. Values                   The main fundamental principle that guides the culture at CarMax is integrity, which is normally reflected in the way the company serves the customers, deliver its products to consumers as well as how employees within the company treat each other. Shared values are considered to be the foundation on which the operations of the company are built on CarMax Business Services. Through the various values that are shared within the company, the company seeks to ensure equal treatment of its investors, customers, and associates in terms of ethical practices and trustworthiness (Great Place to Work, 2014). The employees are involved in decision-making in addition to respect of customers and being honest as major ethical practice.                The values that are shared within the company include diversity, customer focus, communication, teamwork, associate development, and improvement. It is the culture of the company to conduct its operations in a customer-focused way, which is aimed at providing customers with great experience. On the value of respect, the company promotes individual knowledge among the associates and values the contribution that they make towards the company. Teamwork is also another value that is encouraged within the company. The employees and the management of the company normally work together for the interest of the company and also for the interest of the customers of the company. Communication is highly encouraged according to a survey conducted by Greatrated.com (2014).                The survey observed that 93% of the employees agree that there is great communication within the company. Sharing of information, soliciting for feedback and exchange of ideas within the company is also another organizational culture that is highly encouraged (CarMax, Inc. SWOT Analysis, 2014). Diversity is also another value that is practiced and encouraged as part of the organizational culture at CarMax Company. The uniqueness of the associates and employees is well integrated into the company and work is done to ensure that everyone in the company feels respected and valued despite the diversity in terms of beliefs, race, and gender among other aspects of diversity (Great Place to Work, 2014).                   Diversity within the company is promoted through various ways from the associates, the customers and even the community. For the Associates of the company, CarMax ensures that it hires, promotes and trains only the qualified associates who possess diverse attributes. Furthermore, the associates are treated with lots of respect, their contributions are respected and valued by the company and are always provided with benefits that help in supporting their diversity within the workforce. In addition to that, the associates are provided with an inclusive and collaborative environment that helps in encouraging the ideas and inputs of the associates.                  Diversity is also promoted among the customers whereby it is the culture of the company to welcome all its customers in all the stores if the company (McShane, & Von, 2014). Customers are also treated with utmost respect with an aim of providing them with exceptional experience. As part of the culture within the organization, all customers of the company are offered competitive and ethical offers that meet the needs of the customers. The community is also not left out on the issue of diversity at CarMax Company.                   It is the organizational culture of the company to make positive contributions towards the communities, which it operates, and its employees live in (Na, & Morris, 2014). This is done through the promotion of leadership in the youths, promoting education and wellness in the communities. CarMax supports diverse organizations and programs within the communities through internships, grants, volunteer activities and offering of sponsorships to the needy in the communities. Another organizational culture that is practiced at CarMax is that of associate development.                   Everyone from the junior employees to the top management is provided with opportunities for professional growth and development. The development of the associates and employees is done through coaching, sponsored trainings as well as mentoring of the employees. This has helped to improve the skills and work-performance of employees over the years. This can also be considered to be a contributing factor towards the tremendous growth experienced by the company in terms of its expansion and performance over the years.                  According to the survey by Greaterated.com (2014), it is observed that about 86% of the associates and employees at CarMax agree that they are offered great opportunities that help them to develop professionally and become better people. The positive culture within CarMax is generally attributed to the leadership with which about 94% of the employees according to a survey by agree that the bosses are great to work with. It is to be noted that the values that are practiced at CarMax start from the top management within the company whereby the leadership of the company is considered to be down-to earth and focused on the associates of the company (CarMax Business Services, LLC, 2014). The type of leadership that is found within an organization is an important factor that influences the type of organizational culture that is found within an organization.                Furthermore, it is also to be noted that CarMax offers its employees what is known as flexible time-away (CarMax, Inc. SWOT Analysis, 2014). This is a policy whereby employees are allowed to have some few weeks away from work before they resume their duties (Greaterated.com, 2014). This is a culture that to some extent is not good considering that the employees are not offered time for vacations. This culture should instead be changed to that of offering vacations, which will provide the associates with enough time to relax and build their lives.                  The company’s culture has contributed to its increased that has seen it being ranked position 54 among the Fortune 500 Companies list (Fortune 500 Magazine, 2014). An average employee within the company normally gets time away whenever they are in need of time to rest. Employees work in shifts whereby there are those that take the morning shift while others take the evening shift, but on rotational basis. Shared assumptions               Consequently, organizational culture is made up of shared assumptions within an organization. Employees normally share assumptions, which translate into being part of the organizational culture. In the sae of CarMax, the employees share the assumption that they own the company. This is based on the reason that the employees are constantly involved in the decision making process within the company. The employees are made to feel comfortable by allowing them to take part on decision making especially on matters dealing with the sales of the company and how they can increase their performance. Furthermore, the other assumption that is shared about the company is that all the customers get satisfied with the products that the company offers to them at all times. Organizational Culture and Performance of the Company                  Organizational culture and behaviour has been identified as one of the contributing factors towards the success of an organization. When there is positive organizational culture in a company, there are high chances that the company will be able to succeed (Niamh Ring, 2014). In the case of CarMax, the organizational culture that is practiced has been a contributing factor towards its growth over the years in the United Sates market. The organizational culture at CarMax can be said to have positive impact on the performance of the company in terms of employee turnover and customer attraction.                  The revenues of the company have been on the increase over the years, which mean that the organizational culture of treating customers with respect, and valuing their diversity has been of great help (Janićijević, 2013). It is also to e noted that the company has been able to retain most of its employees over the years (Reuters.com, 2014). This can be attributed to the positive organizational culture of empowering employees, valuing their contributions in the company and helping them improve professionally through trainings, coaching and mentoring (Niamh Ring, Jun 20, 2014). The impact of the organizational culture that is practiced at CarMax Inc can be seen through the number of stores that the company has been able to open up over the years. As of the year 2014 January, CarMax had about 128 superstores across the United States.                  A strong organizational culture is beneficial to a company, the employees as well as the customers of the company (Bà ¼schgens, Bausch, & Balkin, 2013). When a company has a strong and positive organizational culture, the productivity of the company is likely to improve as well as the performance of the employees (Reuters.com, 2014). Employees become motivated to work for the company therefore resulting in increased productivity. An average employees works for eight hours a day for a five-day long week. This ensures that employees are not overworked and have free time for recreational. This strong and positive organizational culture has helped to provide customers with high quality products CarMax (Narrative Science, 2014). When customers are provided with high quality products, satisfaction is guaranteed, which means that the company will continue to make sales from the customers as well as expand its operations to other markets, as observed in the case of CarMax.               The organization culture practiced by CarMax has impacted positively to its economic growth. The company has maintained high number of customers across America thus commanding a significant market shares in the industry of used cars. It has also given the company competitive advantage over other companies selling second handcars. This has been evidenced by its ever-growing sales and market share over years. Hence, the company should maintain its culture and try to improve its customer service by concentrating on customer loyalty, which make sure that customers are emotionally connected with all its products. The strategy will see it dominate in the market just like Apple, Philips and Nike that are widely known for their brand loyalty. Conclusion                   Every company has its own organizational culture that is practiced by the employees and determines how a company operates. Considering that organizational culture has great impacts on the success of an organization, companies should build and encourage positive organizational cultures that benefits all the stakeholders. CarMax attributes its success to the positive organizational culture that it has been able to build and maintain over the years. Therefore, the overall conclusion from the case analysis of CarMax with regard to organizational culture is that companies need to have positive organizational cultures that generate benefits. References ADD Inc (2014), CarMax Home Office http://www.addinc.com/portfolio/project-page.aspx?projID=105&PortID=2 on 10th September 2014. Bà ¼schgens, T., Bausch, A., & Balkin, D. B. (2013). Organizational Culture and Innovation: A Meta-Analytic Review Organizational Culture and Innovation: A Meta-Analytic Review. Journal Of Product Innovation Management, 30(4), 763-781. doi:10.1111/jpim.12021 CarMax Business Services, LLC (2014) About CarMax; Our culture and values, viewed from http://www.carmax.com/enUS/company-info/culture.html on 10th September 2014. CarMax, Inc. SWOT Analysis. (2014). CarMax, Inc. SWOTS Analysis, 1-9. Great Place to Work ® (2014), What Makes CarMax Great, viewed from http://us.greatrated.com/carmax on 10th September 2014. Greaterated.com (2014), 2014 Fortune 100 Best Companies to Work For List, viewed from http://us.greatrated.com/2014-fortune-100-best-companies-to-work-for-list on 10th September 2014. Janićijević, N. (2013). The mutual impact of organizational culture and structure. Ekonomski Anali / Economic Annals, 58(198), 35-60. doi:10.2298/EKA1398035J Ledimo, O. (2013). Managing Organizational Culture Through an Assessment of Employees’ Current and Preferred Culture. Proceedings Of The European Conference On Management, Leadership & Governance, 161-168. McShane, S. L., & Von, G. M. A. Y. (2014). Organizational behaviour. McGraw-Hill Higher Education Na, F., & Morris, T. (2014). Organizational ambidexterity strategy and firm performance: the moderating role of organizational capital. Academy Of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 1138-1143. doi:10.5465/AMBPP.2014.22 Narrative Science (2014). Earnings expected to increase for CarMax, viewed from http://www.forbes.com/sites/narrativescience/2014/04/02/earnings-expected-to-increase-for-carmax/ on 10th September 2014. Niamh Ring (Jun 20, 2014), CarMax Soars as Earnings, Revenues Top Analyst Estimates, viewed from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-06-20/carmax-soars-as-earnings-revenues-top-analyst-estimates.html on 10th September 2014. Ovidiu-Iliuta, D. (2014). The link between organizational culture and performance management practices: a case of it companies from romania. Annals Of The University Of Oradea, Economic Science Series, 23(1), 1156-1163. Reuters.com (2014) Carmax Inc (KMX), viewed from http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=KMX on 10th September 2014. Source document

Personal Essay My Career Essay - 1753 Words

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