Nurse’s Professional Image

Over the years, the nursing profession has faced an image overhaul that concretely defined her role in the society. The nurse uniforms which exude the most identifiable mark of the profession in the health sector and the society have also faced alterations that greatly affect the public’s perception of nurses. In an exhibit at the Philadelphia’s Fabric Workshop, many conclude that nurses are no longer identifiable with the profession. The contemporary transitions that constantly evolved to define her busy role has brought forth an identity crisis that even patients, family members, other health professionals and workers have difficulty labeling her role in the health care setting. This transition was highly observed in the last two decades as nurses have found the ease in wearing casual and sometime colorful uniform attire (Harrion, 2001:41)(Houweling, 2004:42). The identity of the white uniform became lost as nurses prefer the comfort and ease of the scrub uniforms (Houweling, 2004:40). In the past decades, the nurse in a white uniform communicated a professional confidence brought about by the competency of her job and training. The nurse’s cap was also the known distinguishing mark that respectable nurses wore based on Florence Nightingale’s 1874 model(Dodd,2005:7).To look back, the earliest uniforms focused more on functionality and feminine virtue and were more or less associated with the religious orders and military nursing groups (Ellis and Harley, 2004: 185). The propriety of wearing a cap also followed uniformity as a respectable way for women to earn and be distinguished at the institution. The early uniforms were long, starched long sleeves with detachable collars and cuff that included a cape that could be worn during the winter months (Houweling, 2004:41). By the end of the 19th century, the functional white dress was adapted that catered to the evolution of pantsuits in the 60’s. The traditional nurse uniform has existed in many variants from the dress, apron and cap yet the basic style has remained recognizable in many years (Hallam, 41). In the late 60’s, psychiatric nurses pushed against the white uniform in their setting and were finally allowed to wear street clothes in the 1970’s. In the 1980’s, many hospitals no longer required nurses to wear the nursing cap given their expanded nursing roles (Ellis, Hartley & Love: 184). Harrion explained that the cap discourages the men from entering the profession and the cap is identified with a â€Å"handmaiden† mark attached to it which is contradicted as male nurses were unlikely forced to wear the nurses’ cap, this status was reserved for the female nurses. Another insistence is that the cap was quite hard to keep clean which is again contradicted merely by the fact that starched caps can be dry cleaned. Even the nursing pin which was a significant mark and a â€Å"coat of arms† of the nursing profession has lost its appeal. Contemporary nurses are now reduced to wearing comfortable scrubs that were once limited to the specialty areas such as the CCU, ICU and ER where practicality is an issue. In Japan, nurses were once kimono clad and appeared like the under-maid types to keep their tradition alive (Takahashi, 2004: 4). Stimulated by the women’s position in the western society, the western concept of the profession gained popular adherence as the white uniform was adapted for all Japanese nurses in the health service (Takahashi:5). This process faced grandstanding as Japanese doctors trained Europe pushed for the adoption of the white uniform among the Japanese nurses in an effort to positively uplift and identify the professional nurse. After many years of retaining their traditional garb, Japan soon realized that issues of hygiene and practicality were at stake. Further they were able to realize and understand that the nursing uniform embodies probity and purity that is needed to overhaul the image of the female workers in Japan. Today, the nursing profession is again facing major upheavals that de-emphasize the purity of the standard white uniform in favor of the comfortable scrubs. This is a dilemma that nurses face in a work setting where many other caregivers wear the same garb. Patients and other health workers have trouble identifying the nurse from the rest of the ordinary caregivers. The public image of the nursing profession is suffering as the effort to communicate the value of the profession is diminishing. Mangum, Garrison, Lind, Thackeray and Wyatt once recommend that nurses wear clothing that clearly distinguish them as professional nurses (Ellis, Hartley & Love, 2004: 184). Others believed that the white standard uniform exudes power and authority compared to the rumpled and disordered appearance of the colored scrubs. Despite the many images equated with the profession and the media’s continued assault on the appearance of nurses there is an immediate need to revamp the current attire. White according to most nurses denotes sanitation and cleanliness; they could be tailored and modified to enhance the figure using a fine material with insignias that could denote rank and position would give power and authority over the other ordinary caregivers in the health institution. Given the physical exertion of the profession, the cap might pose to be too unrealistic. This could prove to be more amenable rather than seeing professional nurses around the hospital garbed in attire that are commonly worn by the orderlies. This is an image problem and physicians would probably like to see nurses in uniforms of power rather than in rumpled an colored attires dressed like ordinary orderlies. The uniform is what makes nurses look good and present a professional appearance. When one wears costumes that convey their attributes, virtues and training, the patient sees the nurse as someone he can trust along with his physician. Wearing a well-tailored uniform and displaying the nursing pin helps nurses from being belittled by patients and their families. Nurses give up their power and authority as a profession when not dressed uniformly and loose their self-esteem when viewed ordinarily (Masters, 2005:130). The uniform identifies the specific and unique place that professional nurses have in the health care system (Masters, 2005:112). Thus, if nurses wish for doctors to treat them as colleagues in healthcare, society to acknowledge them as authorities, and to be paid as the profession deserves, the professional image should be insisted. Therefore if one wishes to be treated as a â€Å"ministering angel† (Hallam: 133); or as a professional and as a privileged individual, the professional appearance must portray a positive public image (Dodd, 2005: 6). Works Cited Hallam, Julia. Nursing the Image:   Media, Image and Professional Identity. Routledge. Masters, Kathleen. (2005). Role Development in Professional Nursing Practice. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Ellis, Janice Rider and Hartley, Love, Celia. (2004). Nursing in today’s World: Challenges, Issues and Trends. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Takahashi, Aya. (2004). The Development of the Japanese Nursing Profession: Adopting and Adapting Western Influences. Routledge. Harrion, Lois. (20010. Professional Practical/Vocational Nursing. Thomson Delmar Learning. Houweling, Lynn. (2004, April). Image, Function, and Style: A history of the nursing uniform.   American Journal of Nursing, 104, 4. p. 40 – 48 Dodd, Elizabeth, Bates, C., Rousseau, N. (eds). (2005). On All Frontiers: Four Centuries of Canadian Nursing. Ottawa: University of Ottawa.   

We Googled You

We Googled You The case in the â€Å"We Googled You† article is rather tricky. On one hand, the disconcerting online revelation with Mimi protesting against China serves as solid evidence not to hire her. If members of the management team based in China discover the pictures and information about Mimi’s protests, they may decline to continue to conduct business with Hathaway Jones. It will also ruin the company’s reputation in the eyes of potential future customers. In addition to the searched Google results, Mimi’s recommendations also contained a few negative traits including brash and strongly opinionated.These aspects may not allow her to get along with other workers and colleagues. Her liberal behavior including her wink at Fred is not quite suitable for China’s more conservative culture. On the other hand, it is possible that Virginia misunderstood the information she found online. Fred should consult Mimi directly to fully understand the situ ation about what really happened. It is extremely easy for someone to falsify information and manipulate digital media. With digital cameras being so prominent today, it is inevitable that personal pictures and information would end up online for everyone to Google and find out.Additionally, Mimi’s background includes a strong education and solid experience. Her Berkeley and Stanford degrees and past job positions will allow her to perform the job at a higher level of expertise than many other potential job applicants. As discussed in class, employers should hire based on ability to perform and not on hard data and statistics. From these standpoints, the benefits to hiring outweigh the costs. For these reasons, I support the decision to hire Mimi. I feel that she would make an excellent addition and make a great deal of contributions to Hathaway Jones.

Speed the Light Charity

Chandler Mann Ms. Girkin 8th period Pre-AP English II 4 May 2012 Speed the Light Speed the Light is a student initiated ministry where students of the Assemblies of God denomination pledge a certain amount of money towards missionary efforts. Ass the year rolls along, the students will pay off the pledges they set. The money the students raise goes to missionaries across the globe. With the different needs and requirements of being a missionary come the expenses (â€Å"What is Speed†).Speed the Light was started in 1944 by a minister named Ralph Harris to let students that didn’t feel like being missionaries help out the efforts to spread the gospel (Speed the Light). Since then speed the Light has grown to be one of the largest church founded charity groups in the world. Although Speed the Light has become so large, it was once an emergency program for war time missionaries. Soon after the organization was founded, World War II was coming to a close. Harris thought tha t that would be a hinge to swing on. Speed the Light took off and the war time missionaries took advantage of the war’s destruction (McGee 218).The influence of the organization sky-rocketed within five years of the war’s end, and Speed the Light’s influence started to grow tremendously. Harris became the godfather of the effort and was commonly seen to be encouraging the late Billy Graham. Billy spread the word of god so much that today he is known as the door to door prophet. Today his efforts have helped not only the vision of Speed the Light, but the enthusiasm of the young teens of the Assemblies of God. Because of these efforts today Speed the Light is more active than ever. In 2009 two siblings of Berryville high school raised a combined total of almost 3,000 dollars.Morgan and Eric Barr spent one whole year alone raising money for Speed the Light. Although they knew that their 1,000 dollar pledges were a massive goal, they did not slack off. Their effort s went towards missionaries in third world countries that haven’t heard the gospel. I also participated as well, raising a hard earned 521 dollars. I can attest to the fact that I have never felt that my money could’ve gone to a better cause. Speed the light is a very renowned organization that has helped missionaries spread the word of god for more than 65 years.Over 7. 6 million people have come to have a lasting relationship with Christ since its start in 1944. Speed the Light is an excellent contributor to the spread of Christianity. I hope they continue to make a difference in the decades to come. They are a shining start in our world of pain and hopelessness. Works Cited People of the Spirit. McGee, Gary B. Springfield, MO. Gospel Publishing House, 2004. Print. About Speed the Light. N. p, n. d. Web. 9 Apr. 2012 â€Å"What is Speed the Light? † Speed the Light. Np, 2012. Web. 19 Apr. 2012

Information Systems for Managment Accounting Essay

Information Systems for Managment Accounting - Essay Example Budgeted sales in unit $2200 Add desired ending inventory $0 = total needs $2200 Less beginning inventory $0 Required Production $ 2200 The production budget is calculated on March 2009 Budgeted sales in unit $1400 Add desired ending inventory $0 = total needs $1400 Less beginning inventory $0 Required Production $ 1400 The production budget is calculated on April 2009 Budgeted sales in unit $2500 Add desired ending inventory $0 = total needs $2500 Less beginning inventory $ 0 Required Production $ 2500 Sales Budget for Hope Ltd. Material Purchase Budget for the Hope Limited Units material cost per unit material purchase budget 2008 May 1,100 40 44000 June 1,300 40 52000 July 1,500 40 60000 August 1,700 40 68000 September 1,900 40 76000 October 2,100 40 84000 November 2,300 40 92000 December 2,500 40 100000 2009 January 2,300 40 92000 February 2,200 40 88000 March 1,400 40 56000 April 2,500 40 100000 Total for year 22,800 40 912000 Direct Labor Budget for the Hope Ltd. Units 2008 labor hour per unit total labor hour Direct labor cost Direct Labor Budgets May 1,100 2 2200 8 17600 June 1,300 2 2600 8 20800 July 1,500 2 3000 8 24000 August 1,700 2 3400 8 27200 September 1,900 2 3800 8 30400 October 2,100 2 4200 8 33600 November 2,300 2 4600 8 36800 December 2,500 2 5000 8 40000 2 8 2009 2 8 January 2,300 2 4600 8 36800 February 2,200 2 4400 8 35200 March 1,400 2 2800 8 22400 April 2,500 2 5000 8 40000 Total for year 22,800 2 45600 8 364800 Production Overhead Total Fixed Production Overhead 91200 Total Fixed Admin. And Distribution Overhead 36000 Total Fixed Overhead 127200 Variable Overhead 5 per labour hour(5) (45600) 228000 Total... Description: the overall company efficiency was increased later due to the credit sale for two months that causes loss. Therefore, the company must decrease its credit sale. On the other hand its distribution and administrative cost is also huge which is also required to minimize. Over all company goes in profit with time but its efficiency can be increased by lowering its cost.

The Risk of Osteoporosis Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Risk of Osteoporosis Disease - Essay Example Calcium is a crucial element for effective bone development. Inadequate intake of calcium during one’s early days and adolescence stage can impair the development of bones and lead to low bone mass during adulthood. Low calcium intake in adults can trigger Osteoporosis by hastening loss of bone mass. One can prevent the risk of Osteoporosis by ensuring regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, which contain minerals like potassium and vitamin C crucial for bone development. One can also consume non-fat milk and yoghurt, calcium supplements such as calcium carbonate to ensure the development of strong bones. Although the role of calcium in bone development is well-recognized, sufficient calcium intake alone is incapable of preventing Osteoporosis. Vitamin D also plays a crucial role for strong bone development. Vitamin D deficiency increases the chances of suffering from Osteoporosis. The metabolism of vitamin D increases the absorption of vitamin C and also reduces the los s of calcium through urine. Vitamin D is abundant from the sunlight and is synthesized when sun’s ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation strikes the skin (Smolin & Grosvenor, 2012, p.381-86). However, the ability of the skin to synthesize vitamin D decreases as one gets older. As such, one can supplement Vitamin D intake by eating fatty fish, fortified milk, orange juice and cereals. Inadequate Vitamin D intake would mean inadequate calcium absorption, thus weak bones.Sedentary lifestyle can be a license to osteoporosis.

Into the Fray Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Into the Fray - Case Study Example In my opinion, Danielle demonstrates the completely legitimate political behavior. After she has attempted to establish a professional relationship with Michael and upon his refusal and inaction, she has no reason to regard Michael as an ally. Still, the communication she has with Michael and his subordinates is straightforward by emailing and meetings proposals. The problem with political behavior is not with Danielle’s moves, but with Michael’s disregard of â€Å"social alliances that make an organization run†. Therefore rumors and interpretations make Danielle's behavior seem threatening and illegitimate. The only problem is that Danielle is acting and connecting to people in order to obtain the desired position, and Michael is not.First of all, Michael should decide whether or not he wants a career at Lafleur (Hassan). If he does, then his ambition should be long-term oriented and he and his family should judge as to what the best move for Michael is. If he r eally wants to develop in Lafleur, then he should take this opportunity seriously and discuss the personal implications with his family. Michael lacks international experience and the China position is an opportunity for him to develop his leadership abilities in networking and grow in the company. What is more, CEO’s proposition is only indicative that Michael is not the best candidate for Beaumont's place right now, but it also proves Pierre’s trust in Michael’s abilities and his desire to keep Michael motivated and within the company.

Global Recession Effects on Emerging Economies Essay

Global Recession Effects on Emerging Economies - Essay Example This report stresses that global recession results to fluctuations in currency thus, affecting businesses that are mainly in the local economy. Local economies cater to the demands of the local market. They are dependent on the changes within their market. Local market demands are dependent on household and end-users budget and expenditures. When currency fluctuates, prices change affecting the production costs of companies and affecting the income and profit of end-users. This causes the market to have less demand due to buying power. This paper makes a conclusion that local economies thrive on the local market. If their market cannot afford the products the local companies produce then this will significantly affect the supply and demand, and the production and investment of the companies. With this, companies tend to resort to cost-cutting, trying to keep up with the fluctuations in currency and the lower demands of their market. In the end, if they cannot adapt and keep up to these changes, the local company will fail and eventually become bankrupt. Liberalization of the Chinese Market was remarkable for many reasons. It opened a new market for the Multinationals whose fortunes began sagging as demand in Europe had begun reaching saturation point. It offered a new manufacturing base for various industries. It opened new avenues of investments and finally it ushered in an era of relative peace as the threat of war and confrontation receded with the beginning of peace through trade partnerships. Trade that was ea rlier the reason of war had now became the agency of peace.

Evaluate and develop an argument for or against the following Essay

Evaluate and develop an argument for or against the following statement the people process is more important than either the strategy or operations processes - Essay Example It is therefore just right to expect that nowadays, when we talk of systems and strategies, it should define a good, reliable, and flexible process. But it should be understood that we can say that most systems are just ideal when it comes to design but not in the implementation. Who makes the design work for a company Who makes the non-living ideas move for the company Isn't the answer human processes Perhaps the reason is because no matter how we try to improve the system or the strategy design, it will forever fail to recognize the maker of the design. When we talk of human processes, what comes into our mind Human processes in simple terms refer to that process in one company or group that does not take for granted the significant factors like the individuals as the main mover in a company. This process involves human's knowledge, skills and intellectual ability to be the fuel of the running company. And if the operations process is considered as the forefront of a business, human processes can be considered as the root and trunk of an organization where the lifeblood of the company flows and grows (Peoplecube 2007). Now what is being argued in this paper is the advantage of human processes over the strategy and or operations processes. ... Humans at that time took control of technology in the form of design engineers. Companies considered human factor as an indispensable thing to be considered because that was the area that can either make or break a product's use. Through the design for example, a product can either benefit or pose a threat to the user. When an engineer designer makes a wrong move in his masterpiece, that product can annihilate group of individuals in just a snap of one's fingers. That was also the time when usability testing became part of certain processes. Usability testing enables the first hand users to test what is working and what is not to a certain product. This whole idea of human factor causing a glitch to the company's process maybe blamed for giving birth to the concept of processes becoming more significant than the processor. This can then lead us to thinking that perhaps, that's also the same reason why software was invented by scientists, perhaps to avoid the human factor defects (Use rnomics 2005-2007). But then again, since we are talking about human processes as a thing of significance than that of operations processes, it is good for us to look at proper managing of human's knowledge and abilities to better see the benefits it could bring to an organization if it is trying to optimize its personnel's capabilities. Knowledge of the people is the house of new ideas and the bank of solutions to the different problems being encountered by the company. This is the reason why modern companies invest in trainings for their employees while others back or support their workers in finishing graduate degrees especially if the

Introduction to Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction to Microeconomics - Essay Example Table 3 shows the trend in oil supply. Generally, oil supply shows an increasing trend just like price and demand, albeit at a slower pace. Supply grew by only 13.38 during the period. It should also be noted that dips in oil prices are matched by corresponding shrinks in the total supply. Oil supply also dropped during 1998, 2001, and 2002. The law of demand states that "All else equal, as price falls, the quantity of demanded rises, as price rises, the quantity demanded falls" (McConnel and Brue 2002, pp. 41). This declares that there is an inverse or negative relationship between price and demand. Tables 1 and 2 above shows the generally increasing trend in oil prices as well as oil demand which clearly violate the law of demand. In a situation where the oil price is rising, we must expect that the quantity demanded to fall as it discourages the purchases of higher priced commodities. However, the mounting demand notwithstanding the rise in prices can be explained by the factors which are exogenous or are outside the price-demand model. During the past years, there has been a boom in the automobile industry due to the increased purchases of cars and other transportation systems. The airline industry is also showing slight recovery with the proliferation of low cost carriers and the strong activity in the tourism sector. This trends and developments in the global market become the key drivers of oil demand. As the nation and the world as a whole, are becoming more and more industrialized, we also became more dependent on oil to fuel our technologically more advanced equipments. Nowadays, the importance of the oil industry can never be overstated. International demand for oil has also been increasing in order to support the growing economies of the prospective giants like China (Some factors 2005). Insufficiency in this resource will surely facilitate the spillover of negative externalities in the entire economy. Oil has become a necessity. Higher prices have not strongly hindered customers from purchasing their much needed fuel to facilitate the efficiency of their everyday activities. On the other hand, the law of supply can be stated as follows: "As price rises, the quantity supplied rises, as price falls, the quantity supplied also falls" (McConnel and Brue 2002, pp.47). This gives price and quantity supplied a positive or direct relationship. Tables 1 and 3 shows that both oil price and quantity supplied is generally in a upward trend with corresponding dips in 1998, 2001, and 2002. This shows a close positive relationship between the two variables as well as the responsiveness of quantity supplied to oil prices. The empirical evidence shows that the oil industry follows the law of supply. The oil industry has been adjusting to the higher global demand by increasing its production. Oil companies have been very keen in taking the opportunity of producing higher oil quantity in order to accommodate the expected mount in global demand. Although economies of scale must have

Marco in a View from a Bridge Essay Example for Free

Marco in a View from a Bridge Essay Give advice to an actor playing Marco on how he should present the character Marco is a character of two faces. At the beginning of the play, a grateful and respectful man is presented to the audience. He shakes Eddie’s hand, and makes it clear that he does not want to impose – ‘when you say go, we will go’. This is in stark contrast to the absolute lack of respect your character gives Eddie later in the story, and the more-so you can make this the better the reception will be from the audience. Marco is also quite a reserved character. When the two men first come to the house, Marco speaks only in short sentences, rarely elaborating on his point. However, he also seems to have a quiet authority and this is shown in stage directions when Eddie ‘is coming more and more to address Marco only’. This authority is also shown when Rodolpho starts to sing, saying ‘You’ll be quiet, Rodolpho. ’ silencing his brother. This reservation is also shown in his realistic sense of mind, compared to his brother who has possibly unreachable dreams. He is also not as flamboyant or elaborate as his brother, who sings, cooks and sews; he is a ‘regular bull’. This makes others respect him and this sense of authority and strength needs to be portrayed. In the scene where Marco shows his strength by lifting the chair one-handed, the tables start to turn. The respect Marco once had for Eddie seems to have disappeared suddenly, as Marco menacingly holds the chair over Eddie’s head. On the surface, it looks as though he is protecting his brother, but the underlying reasons are mainly that by doing so, Marco has just proved Eddie’s inferiority. This enjoyment of feeling superior mixed with the defence of his brother makes Marco a fierce character in this scene, and a character that may have been shadowed in earlier scenes come to prominence in the play, and this continues in the later parts. The character then follows a vicious path of revenge after realising that is was Eddie that reported them to Immigration. Your character loses sympathy with the audience due to this, and as you lose sight of everything else why you came to America, your family etc. – the seems to be no compassion in Marco. He not only wants to kill Eddie but humiliate him as much as possible in the process. Essentially, Marco is like Eddie. A formally caring man of his family, he is an honourable man who lacks the quality of forgiveness.

Paramount Furniture Marketing Opportunities

Paramount Furniture Marketing Opportunities Davinder Kumar Task 1 My company name is paramount furniture which is in New Zealand. we made lots of products like sofa, corner suites, beds, chairs and sofa bed etc. we are also selling a coffee table and dining tables. Recently we start making a love suites and New Zealand people very like them. Now we think about export the love suites in international market like Dubai, Germany. If we export our products to Dubai and Germany we can get lots of money and in this way, our business become growing. We made love suites with New Zealand pine wood, good quality of foam and fiber. Â   Â   love suite Task 2 Environmental factor: Political factor Political stability If the political factor is not stable due to any reason so it will bad effect on our exporting products because people will not buy our products due to any strike and war. In Germany, the political factors are not stabile some so they effect on our production, but in Dubai the politically stability so they continuous buy love suites from our company Corruption risk Dubai is count in a low-crime and politically-stable country. Also, the UAE appreciates with financial and economic stability. So, paramount furniture can easily be dealing with Dubai. It is well-developed, cultured banking system features wide credit services. On the other hand, there are many corruption risk in Germany like make fake documents and illegal offers. But these kind of corruption is not effect on international marketing. Legal and regulatory requirements In Dubai and Germany, all people follows the government rules and regulations. So, we can export our love suites easily and legally in the Dubai and Germany. Because if people doing work with all rules and regulations so the countrys government also helps him. Trade structure Germany is the 3rd largest country which export lots of products from another countries and Dubai is the 2nd largest country in the world. So, paramount furniture dealing easily with these countries. Because these countries mostly export lots of products from other countries. Economic factor GDP per capita Gross domestics products has four main factors like government expenditure, investment in business, export import, personal feeding. The GDP in Dubai and Germany are very good for exporting any product. So, we can export our product easily with these countries. The rate of exchanging the currency are inspiration the distribute and import in country. Income distribution The income distribution has put bad effect on international marketing in (Dubai and Germany). Because every people is not rich in these countries, the poor people buy cheaper products from their countries. So, it will put bad effect on paramounts products. Foreign exchange Every country dealing with US dollar in international market, Dubai and Germany also dealing with US dollar in international market. If the dollar price change It will also effect on the export and import business. If the dollar price increase it will good for paramount furnitures product which they are export to the Dubai and Germany otherwise it will bid for paramount furniture. Economic cycle Business cycle is called economic cycle. Economic cycle has four phases in business successful, growing, slump and downturn. Sociocultural factor Linguistic fragmentation It is called difference in language. The linguistic fragmentation is also impact on international marketing. Because in every country people speak different languages like in Dubai mostly people speak Arabic and in Germany people German so many people dont understand English language. So, people which are lived in Dubai and Germany they didnt understand English. Thats why they impact on paramount furnitures product because if the paramount furniture export their products in these countries they will hire a translator. Culture factor- Sometime this factor also impact on international marketing. Because in every country there are different people and they believe in different culture. Some people respect to the all culture but some people dont like other culture. So, the culture factor impact on paramount furniture exporting business because in Dubai and Germany people are very serious about their culture and they are not want to dealing with other cultures people. Lifestyle patterns Lifestyle factor also impact on international marketing because in NZ mostly people like small sofa sets according their houses but in Dubai mostly people are very rich and they like big sofa sets but there are middle class people live in Germany so they like the sofa set according their lifestyle. Dominant values There are many different people live in different countries like in Dubai mostly people are rich as compared to Germany, sometime rich people dominant other people with their money power. so, dominant values impact on the international marketing. Technological factor Level of technological skills The technological skills also impact on international marketing because the technology is very important for business in these era, everyone depend on technology. Paramount furniture will easily deal with Dubai because they have very good technology but Germany has a low technology system. So, it will impact on marketing. Existing production technology This is very important technological factor and they impact international marketing because if paramount furniture wants to export their products to Dubai and Germany so, they should have a large production of those product. If the companys production rate high they can get more profit to supply their product in Dubai and Germany. Education level Education is must important in every field, if you have a good education you can do a good business easily. this factor also impact on business because if company have a good educational staff they can deal easily with other countries. Paramount furniture selected good qualified staff for dealing because in Dubai and Germany, the education system is very good. So, we are easily dealing with these two countries. Cost involved Money is very important in business field. So, the cost factor also impact on international marketing. For example, in these days technology change day by day and every company update their system with new technology but it is very expensive so the paramount furniture spent lot of money on updating their system. In this way companys get more profit because everyone use technology in business field. Task 3 Geographical factor Physical size of country This factor also impact on international marketing. For example, there are 4.4 million population in Dubai and 80.6 million population in Germany but the economics of Dubai is good as compare to same so paramount furniture will getting more profit from Dubai because Dubai economic is very rich so mostly they buy international product. Economic of Dubai Economic of Germany Topographical characteristics These characteristics are same as the physical size of countries factor but this factor focus about the area about countries. Dubai has a 4,114-km square and Germany have a 357,168-km square so the Dubai has a less area as compared to Germany. Climate conditions Climate condition also effects on the international marketing. Dubai has a hot desert climate condition. because the Dubai located in the northern desert belt and Germany has a very good weather conditions because it is a temperate country with warm summers and cold winter. Mostly people buy new things in good warm climate so the climate condition of Dubai and Germany are not impact on paramount furnitures products. Demographic characteristics: Size of population- This demographic characteristic also impact on international marketing because if any country has a big population so in these countries there are more products demands than others countries. In Dubai, there are 4.4 million people live there and 80.6 million population in Germany. So according paramount furniture they should supply more cheaper products to Germany as compare to Dubai because the economy of Germany is not very good but population of Germany is more than Dubai. Rate of population growth- The rate of population growth is also impact on international marketing because every product demands according the population growth. If the population rate is high in any country so the products demands is more. In the Dubai, there are 10% population increase in every year but there are only 0.2% population increase in Germany every year. So, paramount furniture will be getting more profit from Dubai in future according the rate of population. Age structure- This factor impact on the import and export business because the young generation (20 to 30) and middle age (30 to 60) people buy more products than other people. Paramount furniture done some survey about the ages of people in Dubai and Germany and according the survey mostly 20 6 0 years old people live in these two countries. So, paramount furniture can be dealing easily with these countries and people will loves the paramount furnitures product. Distribution- The distribution is very important factor in international marketing. Every people wants products as soon as possible when they ordered. So, paramount furniture should have good distribution system for dealing with Dubai and Germany. For example: if customers not receive their product on the time so they will never advertise your products and they refer to their relatives to use other companys products. It will be bad for companys productions and sales. So, paramount furniture should have a good distribution system. Income- Income is also most important demographic factor in the import and export business. If peoples have a good income so they buy new products but many people are not very rich in this world. In the Dubai, mostly people are rich and economy of Dubai is also very rich on the other hand Germany economy is not rich and mostly poor people live in Germany. Paramount furniture will get more profile for dealing with Dubai as compared to Germany. Task 4 4.1 International trade agreement relevant to New Zealand (Dubai and Germany) New Zealand trading many things into the international marketing. New Zealand export lots of products to Dubai and Germany like furniture, kiwi, wood, milk, beef etc. The Dubai is the 2nd largest partner with Asia union. Many New Zealand companies export furniture to Dubai and the Dubai is the one of the country which helps the New Zealand economy growth. There are 178,835 approximately products New Zealand export to the Dubai and they earn 40 million NZD in year 2015. On the other hand, dealing with Germany the total product export by New Zealand to Germany was 78,567 in year 2015. There is open door trading agreement between these countries. The agreement of these countries shows the high charges of eliminate and submission cost is decrease for commodities exporter. This agreement creates lots of opportunities for jobs. 4.2 International market potential of a New Zealand product or service. The market potential is the full or maximum overall sales revenue of the traders during the one time. The market potential show the specific market capacity for providing the many opportunities for the staff. The export between New Zealand and Dubai is running very good because New Zealand earn lots of profit from Dubai. It will be very good in the future. But in the Germany the trading system is not good between New Zealand because Germany economy is not good. The saving income of the Germany and Dubai are the favor of importing products. Many money will come in our company from the FOREX this is the biggest factor of exporting the goods. Conclusion According to me paramount furniture will earn more profit in future from Dubai because of its population and rich economy. They do follow the all rule and regulation before the dealing with Dubai and Germany. Paramount furniture helps the New Zealand economy with US dollar. Recommendation Paramount furniture should be read all trade agreement before dealing with other companies. Paramount furniture should be dealing with US dollar to other countries before transaction. They should be check all documents and paper work before dealing. They should export the cheaper products to Germany. References www.paramountfurniture.co.nz http://www.dubai.ae/en/aboutdubai/Pages/DubaiEconomy.aspx

Strategic Quality Change for Construction Company

Strategic Quality Change for Construction Company Gill Construction Ltd, is currently based in Alberta state, and running different construction projects all over the state. Most of the construction projects are residential based, however they have also participated in commercial projects in Lacombe, which includes Fountain Tire, Lacombe Action Group, Wilsons Funeral Chapel and numerous shops. In the recent time Mr. Amar Geet Jill believes that it is time for their company to move on and expand the business to other states and also do more projects in commercial sector. The current quality systems in place have many loopholes which allow the wastage of raw materials, high costs, untrained staff and lack of machinery. Mr Jill believes that before he expands the business he wants to gain NQI award for excellence in quality, which will add more to the business reputation and will also help them to improve quality management system and sustain growth. In order to gain the NQI Excellence award it is important to have effective quality management systems in place which requires a systematic approach. It involves following steps. Gap Analysis A technique utilized by the managers to compare the actual performance with the potential or expected performance in order to determine the whether the goals are met or not, and if resources are used effectively. It involves two questions Where are we? and Where do we want to be? Gap in actual and expected performance With the help of Gap Analysis Report, Manager will be able to identify the problem easily, Gap analysis report shows that problem is everywhere so its big task to cover all areas and rectify all problems to make a smooth system as per quality system. Depending on the situation, Gaps are classified into four types: The customer-operations specification gap: the gap identified between what customers expect and what is the outcome of the operations, For- example, Customer expects a car to give service after 15000km, but the operations specification states 10,000, At Gill Construction, customer expects the project to be completed in 3 months time, but company specifies 4 months time, same can be the concern for the costs. The concept-specification gap: the gap identified between the concept and the operations specification of a product or a service. For-example, keeping the costs low for the customer but use of low quality material to keep the costs low has compromised the quality. The quality specification-actual gap: When there is a gap between, quality specified by the organisation and the actual outcome of the operations. For-example: the specified standard was that the wall will be built using concrete blocks and mortar, but due to certain reason it was built using brick and mortar. In another case, it was specified that the wall will be at 90 degree straight but due to human error, it is not a straight wall but a slightly tilt. The actual quality- communicated image gap: The gap between, the image marketed, or communicated to the customer and the actual quality of the product or service. For-example it was advertised that the workers at Gill Construction are highly skilled and trained, and latest technology is used however that is now the case. The gap analysis report generated for a newly built house, which has 5-bedrooms with attached toilets, a sitting lounge, dining room, kitchen, and 2 car garage: A very significant gap was noticed in the report between the actual resources utilized and the expected resources. The gaps identified under each type, can lead to poor and perceived quality, and hence it is the responsibility organisation to eliminate these gaps, and come as close to the specified quality and as they. Degree of Change: In order to close the gaps, and meet the quality standard, a companywide change is required. The planned change is a continuum ranging from incremental changes, which involves the improvement in the processes and operations to a limited dimension to fundamental changes that involves the complete redesigning of its operations. Incremental changes involve the changes to decision-making process of the organisation, which exist between the business strategy and culture. Employee Participation: Employee Participation is very important to improve the quality. Managers need to encourage workers to take responsibility for the quality they provide, and meets the customers expectations. Employees are the internal customers for the organisation, who receives the product of service by their supplier. Before planning and implementing a companywide change, it is important to get their employees on board. There suggestions are very important to the management. It is in human nature that it is always afraid of uncertainty, something which is unknown and un seen. It is the job of managers to manage this uncertainty. They need to involve the employees in decision making process and take their suggestions, this increases their confidence level and motivates. If the organisation is going to get new cement mixers, then first they need to train the staff in order to operate that mixer. It is important that work-force needed to be trained to operate the new machinery so that the specified quality standard can be achieved. Resource Requirements: Following resources and tools are required to implement the new quality improvement plan. Technology In todays modern age, technology sector is growing rapidly, and everyday new machinery is invented for human comfort. If Gill Constructions, wants to improve their work build quality and speed up the construction process they need to utilize the new technology. In current process, mortar was prepared using the large mixer. This mixer was operated using the belt connected to the truck shaft, which was used to transport the mixer. This was adding an extra fuel cost. They had to use the same mixer for smaller projects. A new mixer is available in the market, which is small and portable and easily fit in the back of minivan. It also has a small generator attached to it, to power it up. Worker were using the old water-bubble scale to align walls and doors straight and levelled,. However they are not always correct. A new digital scale is required for this purpose. Training and Development It is seen that most of the work-force is from Indian Punjab, hence not very skilled and qualified to operate the new machine. In the previous construction projects, it was seen that accident rate was very high, which was also adding extra cost to the organisation. With old bigger, mixer, there was no cover to the belt connected to shaft of the truck and mixer, and many workers, got their hands stuck in their, which caused the injuries. It was also noticed that they were working without any protective gear e.g safety helmet, masks, gloves. Hence they need to be aware of health and safety hazards at work place. They also need to be trained to operate the new machinery. Transportation In the previous projects, the cost was very high due to high waste material. This was due to the over stock of the material. They were ordering material which was more than required. In order to lower the costs they need to utilize the idea of JIT ( just in time ) . This means that material should be stocked just when it is needed. For this approach to be effective, they need to have a good transportation system and good relationship with the supplier. They need to check with the supplier to provide the material when it is needed, they also need to negotiate the on the quick transportation of the material as well. Quality System   Quality Systems will be in place to ensure that quality objectives are met. The first step in this system is to identify what our customers want. At Gills Construction, customer satisfaction is very important. Customer expects the work to be done and time, and the build quality should be strong and, reliable and durable. The next step is to identify the service or product which responds to the customers need. They need to develop processes which will respond to that need. They need to give a quality and reliable build to the customers. Quality Circle: These are a group of worker or employees who work together to improve the quality and give solution to the problem. Quality Circle will be formed in order to help workers participate in the improvement process. For-example, workers can suggest the amount or type of material required. Depending on their experience they can also suggest what type of paint can be used. Total Quality Management: TQM is a philosophy of management, which addresses the means of raising the quality performance to unprecedented levels. TQM involves the participation from whole organisation and demands to be implemented in all aspects of the business processes. It focuses on the involvement of the management, workforce, suppliers and business process. This means that if the problem lies in any of the business sector that has to be addressed in order to sustain growth. Benefits of Quality Change: Following benefits can be gained with quality change Improved business performance: With the help of this quality change, Gill Construction will be able to see a improved business performance. They can keep their costs low and keep the profit margin high. They will be able to expand their business to a higher level. Training and Development of the staff will help them to get a skilled work force which will be highly motivated and professional. This way they can also keep the accidents rate low. Corporate Image: Since Canadian market is very competitive, the new improved processes and systems will also create a good image for the organisation. With the use of new machinery and training staff, they will have a competitive advantage. They can promote their business in a better way. Motivated Work Force: The use of new machinery and training and develop will assist employees to develop their new skills this will act as a motivating factor and build their confidence level. It will also make them feel empowered. Hence Gill construction will have a highly skilled and motivated work force on board. They can also assist the management to further improve the business processes. Customer satisfaction: The quality improvement technique will also help them to get customer satisfaction on a higer level. They will be able to address their customers needs in a more efficient and effective way. With this they can rebuild customer relation and help maintain business Performance measurement Even though, quality systems are in place and operations are running as per specified, but that doesnt mean, that job of manager is finished. All the operations, regardless of the fact how well they are managed and running, need to be monitored all the time. This ensures that if the Quality System has given the desire result or not. Performance can be measure using five performance objectives, it is the degree to which operations fulfil these objectives Cost Speed Quality Dependably Flexibility Total Quality Management Principles: TQM is a management approach which involves the strategy, data and effective communication to integrate quality principles into the organisation. Customer focused: The very first principle of TQM is to be customer focused. Whatever done for the quality improvement, is to gain customer satisfaction. If Gill Construction will training the work force so that they can operate the new machinery, that will be done keeping in mind, customers demand. Employee Participation: The next principle is that managers need to ensure that they have employees on board. Managers need to ensure that they have complete participation from employees Process Focused: This involves the complete focus of the management centred towards the process thinking, so that two key principles can be achieved: Prevention: the first step to improve quality is to prevent errors. It is better to train staff and avoid accidents rather than finding ways out of it Zero defects: The ultimate aim should be to provide a service with zero defects, that means no comprise at all. The mortar should be prepared by missing the correct ratio of cement and sand. Getting things right first time: The idea of zero defect gives rise to getting things right first time. This means that things need to be done in right way first time. Rather than mixing the preparing the mortar in wrong ratio in first attempt and expecting it to be correct in next attempt should be prevented, For an organisation to successfully implement a strategic quality change it is important to manage six key supporting factors: Action Planning The very first step for organisation is to devise a detailed implementation action plan. This includes chronological lists of actions (tactics) which add the necessary detail to their strategies. And assign responsibility to a specific individual for accomplishing each of those action steps. Also, they set a due date and estimate the resources required to accomplish each of their action steps Organization Structure Next step is to sort the organizational structure according to the action plan and strategy. It is very important that managers must align the strategy with organizational structure. They manage the question Is the organizations current structure appropriate to the intended strategy? Human Resources Organizations successful at strategy implementation consider the human resource factor in making strategies happen The Annual Business Plan Organizations successful at implementation are aware of their need to fund their intended strategies. And they begin to think about that necessary financial commitment  early  in the planning process Monitoring and Control Monitoring and controlling the plan includes a periodic look to see if  were on course. It also includes consideration of options to get a strategy once derailed back on track.   Linkage Many organizations successfully establish the above five supporting   factors. They develop action plans, consider organizational structure, take a close look at their human resource needs, fund their strategies through their annual business plan, and develop a plan to monitor and control their strategies and tactics. And yet they still fail to successfully implement those strategies and tactics. The reason, most often, is they lack  linkage. Linkage is simply the  tying together  of all the activities of the organizationto make sure that all of the organizational resources are rowing in the same direction. After the critical analysis of the current business situation and thorough strategic planning, it is time to implement it. Managers have planned the project to be implemented in a course of time, so that it is easy for them to manage it and also for organisation to adopt it. Staff Training: Before the strategic change is implemented, it is important to get staff on board; hence it is important to train the staff. Workers will be given training on operating the new machineries. 2 hour workshop will be held over the weekend, without affecting the daily construction work. They will be given training on importance of health and safety at work place. Transportation: To utilize the idea of JIT efficiently and effectively, it is important to have a good transportation system in place. Contract with the transportation company who transports the material from supplier to the construction site will be review. It need to be on time and as and when required basis. A penalty will be charged for late delivery. Also try to negotiate on charges, since the current charges are higher than the market rate. Supplier: Once the transportation system is in place, next is to negotiate with material supplier to provide materials on as and when required basis, this is called Just In Time. The supplier will provide the material as required by the organisation. This will help to keep the stock and inventory costs low. Good relationship will be maintained with suppliers as this will help to get good service in return. Communication: In order to keep the gaps close due to communication errors, an effective communication system will be adopted. Project Managers will be placed in organisation, which will supervise their respective construction site. Everything including the material supply and HR will be managed by them. All the workers working on that site will be answerable to the Project Manager. They will also be in direct contact with the client so that customers demand and requirement is passed down the line more effectively. Project Managers will than answer to Mr. Amaar Jeet Gill, who will supervise and discuss the issues with them on the wider perspective. Quality Culture: Before a quality change is implemented in the organisation, it is important to implement a quality culture first. A cultural and behavioural shift in the mind-set of all participants in the construction process especially top or senior management is necessary if the construction industry is to improve its performance (Kanji and Wong, 1998; Love and Heng, 2000; Haupt and Whiteman, 2004). Culture in context of organization is the ways institutes and businesses implicit beliefs, norms and values and premises which underline and govern the behaviour. Hence a quality culture in an organization can be stated as one having clear values and beliefs that foster total quality behaviour. Quality Culture in Gill Construction can be adopted in following ways: Top Management Commitment It will be important for management to commit their self in the implementation of Quality Change, since it requires everyone to work to satisfy the customers needs continuously. Without the clear commitment from top management and leadership it will be hard to get others on board. Leadership has to make this change their strategic objective. Hence Leadership will be able to provide suitable environment to the members of the organisation to improve performance. Top Management will have to put forward quality over costs and other factors, and it is due to this reason, their commitment is required. Customer Management It is important to focus the result of all the processes towards customer satisfaction. When the focus is towards customer satisfaction then it will be easy to prioritize thing. Customer oriented culture will help them to gain service and product with zero defect and right first time. Employee Participation: Employee participation is very important if quality is the goal. This will help to break down many barriers to achieve quality. They also need to be encouraged to work in a team. Team-work will help encourage them to help each other and come up with solution many problems. The use of Quality Circle will also help them to pass on their suggestions to top management. Self-Managed Teams: A self-managed team is defined as a group of employees or staff who is responsible for the management of themselves and the daily operations carried out by them. Work carried out by a typical self-managed team is handling job assignments, plan and schedule work, make decisions related to production and deal with problems. At Gills construction similar teams will be made on the operational level, they will be different from labour union. The teams will be made based on the project and the department related. Each team will have a group manager/ team leader who will be electeed by all the team members however final authorization will be from project manager. A self-managed team is different from quality circles. Quality Circles: Quality Circles are informal group of employees / team members / staff, who meet together voluntarily to discuss their work related issues. Their aim is to identify, define, analyze and solve work related problems. At Gills Construction staff will be encouraged to make quality circles, which will help them to share their knowledge and experience. They can give their suggestions to improve quality or service which will be formally submitted to group manager/ team leader who will pass it on to project manager. Monitoring and Evaluation The final step is monitoring and controlling the implementation. This step is performed throughout the life of the project and ensures that the work results lines up with the schedule plan. Schedule control requires the use of progress reporting, schedule change control systems, such as the use of project change requests, performance management, and variance analysis to determine if additional action is required to get the schedule back in line with the plan. Internal Auditing Professional Auditors will be appointed for the purpose of monitoring and evaluation. Their task will be to assist with the corrective action and investigating problems that have occurred, and taking action to prevent them from reoccurring within the process or organisation. The first step will be to identify the root cause and what really made this happen? What can we do to prevent it from happening again? Once the solution is devised for the problem, the follow up will be done to ensure that it has worked and positive results are achieved. Auditors will revisit the issue and check if it happening again. For sake of record, the problem, its root cause, the action taken, its effectiveness and the actual results will be recorded. Record the problem, the root cause, the action taken, the effectiveness of the action, and the actual results of the corrective action. Did the problem occur again? Were they able to see measurable improvement? If so, how much? What date did the problem disappear? Record the results that they observed when following up on the corrective action to determine effectiveness.

Internet Privacy :: Essays Papers

Internet Privacy The e-commerce merchant (Tanaka, 1999). Table 1 illustrates some types of information collected by websites. Table 1 Personal Information Collected Type of Information Number of Sites1 Percent1 Personal Identifying 335 92.8% Demographic 205 56.8% Personal Identifying Only 132 36.6% Demographic Only 2 .6% Both Personal Identifying & Demographic 203 56.2% None 24 6.6% 1 Number and Percentage from base of 361 surveyed websites. Source: Georgetown Internet Privacy Policy Survey: Report to Federal Trade Commission June 1999 The consumer may feel a name or address is a small price for the item or piece of information they will receive. Usually, the consumer does not understand or take the time to find out the use of the information after placement in the websites’ database. This electronic data gathering on consumers using the Internet by e-businesses creates the demand.

The Growing Problem of Music Piracy Essays -- Argumentative Persuasive

The Growing Problem of Music Piracy    At the turn of the millenium, the music industry has been faced with an unforeseen phenomenon that has affected its very foundation - mass scale music piracy. The decline of CD sales in the past three years have been blamed on the availability of songs that can be downloaded from Internet sites and service providers like Napster, KaZaA and Morpheus free of charge. Today the issue of intellectual copyright infringement in music has been taken more seriously than ever before, as large record labels and companies like Sony and EMI struggle to maintain healthy album sales in the face of online music piracy. In addition, music piracy affects more than just the corporate world - it affects the very artists who create music and receive no compensation for their efforts. In fact ?many high-profile and buzz artists, including Eminem, Oasis and most recently 50 Cent, have seen their upcoming albums undercut by file-sharing online before their scheduled releases, prompting record labels to move up street dates to avoid losing album sales.? (Grossberg) In light of this, are a few positive aspects in the face of such widespread negativity but music file sharing continues to be a controversial topic in the world of music and the arts in general. Nevertheless, before analyzing the impact of music piracy on a mass scale, one must start from the beginning of the 1990?s when the music industry experienced a growth in CD sales. In fact, ?according to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI), album sales grew from US $24.1 billion to US $38.6 billion during the decade.?(Zentner) But this era was short-lived and as the nineties drew to a close, the amount of illegal file swapping exp... ...story of File Sharing.? , Consulted on November 19, 2004. Puretracks.com (2004). ?Radiohead.? , Consulted on November 20, 2004. RIAA (2004). ?RIAA Files News Lawsuits Against 750 Illegal File Sharers.? , Consulted on November 19, 2004. VALDES, Robert. [2004]. Stuffo. ?How ?Making It? Works: Antigone Rising.? , Consulted on November 20, 2004. ZENTNER, Alejandro. Measuring the Effect of Online Music Piracy on Music Sales. Online at: , consulted on November 18, 2004.

‘Miss Brill’ by Katherine Mansfield Essay

The short story ‘Miss Brill’ written in 1922 by Katherine Mansfield revolves around an elderly woman named Miss Brill. This particular short story is deeply influenced by Mansfield’s private life. Miss Brill is an unmarried, older English woman who lives by herself in a tiny apartment in France. She teaches English to students in France and reads the newspaper several times a week to an elderly man. The story is a reflection of Miss Brill’s inner conflicts, feelings of estrangement, loneliness and deep desire to be an important person. The old woman in the story wants very badly to belong to a family or a group. So every Sunday she goes to a seaside park, listens to the conversations of strangers and hears the band play. Her park visits help her in coping with her loneliness and provide her with much enjoyment. She sits on a special bench every week and listens to the conversations of others. While she listens to strangers she feels included and part of their lives. She experiences a sense of communion with the strangers in the park and imagines being a family member of the band. In this way, her rose colored glasses protect her from her lonely existence and empty life. Everything in the park is in great contrast to her actual life. The park for her is an alternate reality where she plays the part of an actress on a great stage. In reality, she is no longer important to anyone. However, in the park as an actress, her mere absence would cause great dismay to others. Her living conditions are gloomy and dark but the park that she visits is bright, sunny and filled with happiness. Her fur stole also becomes a dear pet when she visits the park. She attributes feelings and personality to the inanimate fur. She calls it her â€Å"little rogue!† and often strokes it affectionately. Another indicator of skewed reality is the fact that Miss Brill forgets that she herself is an old, odd, silent woman who had just come out of a dark room. She puts other elder people who also visit the park every Sunday in this category but not herself. By using these defenses she feels included, important and connected to other people around her. She fools herself into believing that she has a deep purpose in life. She has unintentionally set herself up to be hurt by reality. On one particular Sunday all her illusions are shattered. She is forced to understand her self-deception.   While looking at strangers, she sees an elderly woman with a fur hat. Miss Brill can identify with this other elderly woman. She sees the other woman being met by a gentleman. Like her lonely self, the other woman is also quite excited by new company.   The man pays no attention to her and instead rudely puffs into the other woman’s face. The man walks away but leaves the other woman humiliated. Miss Brill empathizes with the other woman and feels he has hurt both women equally. She quickly puts herself in her actress mode to avoid hurt and continues listening to others. She starts paying attention to the conversation of a young couple seated besides her.   The young man callously refers to her as â€Å"that stupid old thing†. He questions why the old lady comes to the park and why she strokes her stole. Instantaneously, her world of self deception is completely shattered. She finally understands that she is neither an actress on a stage nor an important part of this crowd. She has no choice but to return to her little apartment or her dark cupboard like room. This particular Sunday she does not stop by the bakers on her way back home. She feels no need to buy herself her usual slice of honey cake. She realizes that her coping mechanisms cannot help her cope with reality forever. At last, the young man’s rude remarks had woken her up from her happy dream into her nightmarish reality.

Question: How the concentration of acid (HCl) can be determined by titrating it using base (NaOH)? Essay

How the concentration of acid (HCl) can be determined by titrating it using base (NaOH)? Chemicals needed: 1- Phenolphthalein (color indicator). 2- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration of 0.5 molar. 3- Hydrochloric acid (HCl), with unknown concentration. Equipments needed: 1- Flask. 2- Pipette (uncertainty à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.05cm3). 3- Burette (uncertainty à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.05cm3). 4- PH meter. 5- Gloves, lab coat and plastic eye protection. Steps: 1- Add a known volume of HCl using pipette in the flask. 2- Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein in the flask using the pipette. 3- Shake the flask until the color changes to red. 4- Start to add NaOH on the HCl, drop by drop. 5- After each drop shake the flask to accomplish the mixing of the acid with the base. 6- Take readings of PH value using the PH meter, after each drop. 7- When HCl color turns to blue, immediately stop adding NaOH, this indicates the neutralization point. 8- To be sure that HCl is neutralized add few drops of NaOH on HCl. 9- Repeat the experiment to obtain more accurate data. Data collection and processing: The table below shows the values of PH recorded over the five trials and indicates the neutralization point at a specific volume of NaOH added: (1.0) table shows the data collected during the trials Below is the table produced after changing the volume of NaOH to the better measurable unit, also after adding the PH values for each volume added of NaOH then divide them by the number of trials to come out with the average PH value. (1.1) table showing the processed data Average PH value 0.0193 13.3 0.0194 13.4 0.0195 13.5 0.0196 13.5 0.0197 13.5 0.0198 13.5 0.0199 13.3 0.0200 07.3 0.0201 01.7 0.0202 01.5 0.0203 01.3 The graph below shows the graphical relationship between volume of NaOH added in dm^3 versus average PH value: As calculated at the neutralization point which is nearly equal to 7, the volume of NaOH added is approximately 0.0250 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (0.0000450) dm^3 To calculate the concentration of base, it is most desirable to use the equation below: Now substituting the concentration, also volume of the acid (HCl) and the volume added of the base (NaOH), then: 0.6 Molar Conclusion and evaluation:- Conclusion: – It is concluded that the concentration of HCl in the lab that all the trials occurred in is 0.6 Molar. – It is concluded that titration of acid using base must be repeated many times to accomplish more accurate results. Evaluation: – The usage of a digital PH meter may affect the accuracy of the data, as it produces systematic errors. – The volume of phenolphthalein may play a role on the volume of HCl in the flask. – Concentration of NaOH may not be exactly 0.5 molar as there might be impurities. – The PH value as shown from the data collected is changing at a high manner near to the neutralization point; therefore it is not easy to know the precise concentration of NaOH. – Calculating the PH value to indicate the rate of reaction, is not precise, because the PH has a logarithmic function not a linear function, then there will be a small change in the PH value while there will be big change of H+. Improvements: – Using a digital instrument to drop exactly 1.0 cm^3 in each drop. – Using a base with primary standard to titrate HCl may be more accurate to indicate the value of it is concentration. – Using a pipette with less uncertainty may help in improving the data collected. – Using a burette with less uncertainty can determine more accurate results.

Ecotourism in Ecuador

On behalf on the Quichua nation organisation I have been asked to write a report on whether ecotourism is the way forward for countries such as Ecuador. The Quichua people are a native group who live in Napo. In this report I will look at whether Commercial tourism or ecotourism would be best for Napo. Commercial tourism is the traditional tourism that the western world knows. Ecotourism is a way of travelling while improving the welfare of the local people. Ecuador is a republic in north-western South America. It has an area of 272,045 sq km which is roughly the same as the United Kingdom. Ecuador has a pollution of 11 million with a growth rate of 3% per year. It has a diverse population composed of people of European, Native American and African descent. The main language spoken is Spanish but many Indian languages are also spoken. Most Native Americans in Ecuador have become converts to the Roman Catholic faith. Agriculture dominated the economy of Ecuador until the 1970s, when the discovery of petroleum deposits brought added income to the nation. The influx of cash resulted in price increases for many goods and because Ecuador had a limited manufacturing base, people spent the new oil money on goods imported from abroad, therefore increasing Ecuador's foreign debt. Ecuador is a developing and poverty stricken country. There is only one nurse per 2,320 patients which does not help the child mortality rate at 82 deaths per 1000 births. Only 44% of the rural population have access to safe drinking water and the GNP is $1000. Ecuador would benefit from attracting tourists because it would bring money into the country, improving the quality of life. As Ecuador is an LEDC (Less Economically Developed Country), tourism may be its last option and a quick way of bringing money into the country. Commercial Tourism LEDCs promote tourism because it is a very large source of money. LEDCs that do not have any other sources of money coming into the country can turn to tourism for a reliable and steady income unlike farming and other sources which are unreliable. Tourism brings much needed money into the country to help with clean water, electricity, health care, schooling and housing. Tourism creates direct employment at hotels, bars and shops and it creates indirect employment, for example the local farmers growing produce for nearby hotels. Local people would be able to produce and sell their souvenirs to tourists opening up the souvenir trade. Local unskilled people would be trained to work in hotels, and as tour guides. Commercial tourism creates many more jobs than ecotourism due to the number of facilities and hotels and because of this unemployment in the region would be very low. Tourism encourages overseas investment into airports and roads, improving transport systems. This would then encourage more tourists to come to that country. The profit and improvements made from tourism would stop migration of people from the country as there would be many jobs available and an incentive to stay. Tourism can have very positive effects on a country while at the same time ruining the culture, traditions and lives of native people. The sight of hotels and planes can spoil the appearance of the once untouched surroundings creating air and noise pollution. Usually only between 10 and 20% of all profits made stays in the country. As most hotels are foreign owned and most tourists spend their money in the hotels all of the profits go out of the country. As the tourism industry is seasonal, people may not be earning an income for some parts of the year. As the hotels are foreign owned most of the high paid jobs for example ‘manager' would be filled by foreign people. The money earned by these people would not stay in the country. Local craft industries would be destroyed due to the need for mass produced cheap souvenirs unlike their hand made quality pieces. Foreign companies may seize the souvenir monopoly by selling very cheap mass produced goods. Again this profit would be leaving the country. The farming economy is damaged as land is sold off to developers to build hotels. The hotels would prefer to buy food from overseas as the food grown in Ecuador would not meet the demands of European style foods for the tourists. All the new facilities, for example, airports and other transport services would not benefit the native people as they could not afford to use them. The borrowed money from overseas would increase the country's national debt which would not help the overall economy. Tourists expect unlimited water supplies into hotels and attractions. Their supply is ten times greater than the local people's demand. This could cause water shortages for local people's domestic and farmland use. If farmers do not have enough water to grow their crops, they could lose their entire harvest for the year which can have devastating effects. Local cultures and traditions can be destroyed by the new problems that are only due to tourism for example crime, prostitution and drugs. This is because they have never before had any contact from the western world. Tourists do not have any respect for the local people's customs and beliefs by walking into mosques and temples inappropriately dressed. The building of hotels, airports and other facilities means local people lose their homes, land and traditional means of livelihood. For example fishermen are no longer able to fish, because overseas companies have closed off parts of the beach and sea to only allow their hotel customers to use it. There can also be many risks in commercial tourism. Commercial tourism can be greatly affected by political events such as terrorism. Tourism trends can change. Places where tourists used to go can become unwanted travel destinations, leaving many people unemployed. People are unemployed, as businesses have failed as there are not any customers. This can have a great effect on a country's economic structure. The people who would be in favour of this type of tourism would be overseas companies who want to invest in LEDCs. The land in LEDCs is very cheap so it would not cost companies that much to build hotels. These companies could then discriminate employees by paying them a very low wage and charging tourists a lot to stay in them. They also know that there is a large willing workforce to use and would be able to take advantage of this. Overseas tour operators would prefer commercial tourism as it attracts many more tourists. Tour operators would make more money from selling commercial holidays rather than eco holidays. Local businesses would also like commercial tourism as it brings more customers, along with good transport links such as, roads, trains and airports. This also opens up the rest of the world to businesses who want to export goods internationally. Local farmers may also be in favour of commercial tourism as it opens up a large market to sell their produce. The people who would be opposed to this tourism would be local native people who would not want airports, roads and other facilities to ruin their culture and natural way of life. Commercial tourism creates a lot of jobs, but most of the profits go out of the country to large companies who own the hotels and other facilities. Their natural ways of life would be taken away by the invasion of foreign cultures and traditions. Local people who sell souvenirs would not like commercial tourism as this would bring in mass produced cheap souvenirs crushing the local people's businesses. Foreign companies would have more money to set up shops unlike local people attracting more customers. A lot of the money earned from commercial tourism would leave the country for large foreign companies and does not benefit everyone. People's cultures and traditions are ruined, and with that their jobs and lives. Below are some quotes from people who have been employed and disrupted by commercial tourism. â€Å"Commercial tourism has been in Napo for a long time but it's benefited only the tour companies and not us. It also brought crime into the area† â€Å"Commercial guides brought tourists to our villages and paid us hardly anything, not even enough for a bus fare to Tena. The tourists walked around our villages, into houses, and took photos without asking† â€Å"We want to continue existing according to our own culture and alongside our natural mother, the jungle† Ecotourism Ecotourism is a responsible type of travel to natural areas which conserves the environment and improves the welfare of the local people Ecotourism is a way of travelling while improving the welfare of the local people. This means that in ecotourism areas, there are not any hotels or airports that ruin the landscape. People stay in the same facilities as the local people. This means there is not air or noise pollution. All the income made by this type of tourism stays in the country with the local people helping towards schooling, clean water and healthcare. No money leaves the country to go to large overseas companies. Local craft industries can grow as there are not any large companies mass producing cheap souvenirs. People will pay for the time and effort that a local person has put into making that souvenir. No land is taken over for development of hotels and airports so farmland is not lost. No food is imported from abroad as all the food eaten by the tourists is locally grown. Ecotourism costs a lot less than commercial tourism so it does not increase national debt. Local cultures and traditions are not destroyed as local people are allowed to carry on living normally. The type of people going on eco holidays are not the same people who go on commercial holidays. This means that in eco areas, they will not get any drug abuse, prostitution or crime. The people who go on eco holidays respect the local people's ways of life, try and help the local people and will not try and get in their way. Farmers and people do not lose their land or houses to ecotourism or their traditional way of life as there are not any large companies taking over parts of land or beaches for foreign use only. The local people let tourists into their way of life instead of adapting to foreign ways. Also the local people and the environment is respected and cared for in ecotourism unlike commercial tourism. The disadvantages of ecotourism are that a lot less money is made from ecotourism than commercial tourism. As a lot less people go on eco holidays the countries get less money, but all the money is going straight to the local people instead of out of the country. Ecotourism does not create as much employment as commercial tourism as it is not on a large scale. It is based around the local people and not always for the tourist's benefit. Due to this there are not any attractions or many facilities which in commercial tourism would create a lot of jobs. The people who would be in favour for ecotourism are the Quichua people in Napo who would not want commercial tourism in their area. Here is a quote from the Quichua people about ecotourism: â€Å"Our way of life, traditions and culture are being preserved. Some people who left our village to find work are now returning to work in ecotourism. Our community is becoming stronger† They would not want commercial tourism as the hotels, airports, roads and other facilities would spoil the natural environment and ruin their cultures and natural ways of life. They would prefer ecotourism which would invite tourists into the area, generating money for the country without spoiling the natural environment or disturbing their native way of life. The Quichua people earn a living from making souvenirs and farming. With commercial tourism, their farmland would be taken away and their souvenir industries ruined. All the money created would stay in the country and be used directly to improve their way of life. Below are some quotes from people who have been employed and benefited from ecotourism. â€Å"We work as guides and decide who we invite to our village. We grow food and make handicraft to sell to the tourists† â€Å"The profits we earn from ecotourism are invested to improve our community, by building schools and a health centre for our children† â€Å"Now we can make a living preserving the forest and not destroying it† The people who would not be in favour of ecotourism are companies and businesses in Napo and Ecuador. Companies and businesses in Napo would prefer commercial tourism as it brings in more customers. Ecotourism has a lot less tourists entering the country which would not benefit them. Commercial tourism also brings good transport links such as airports, roads and trains unlike ecotourism. These transport links would create international customers, expanding the business and recovering Ecuador's debt. Ecotourism limits companies expanding by the low number of tourists and transport links. Local hunters and loggers in Napo may also be against ecotourism. This is because ecotourism enforces many rules on local people, preventing any more destruction of the rainforest. Hunters and loggers could be out of work and find it very hard to earn a living as they are unskilled in others areas of employment. Conclusion I have looked at Commercial Tourism and Ecotourism for possible tourism solutions in Napo on behalf of the Quichua people. Both have advantages and disadvantages but in my opinion the most important factors are preserving the Quichua culture and traditions, keeping the Quichua people happy. The advantages of ecotourism are, it protects the people's traditions and native ways of life, it helps the local people instead of using them, it creates money directly for the native people and is a more respective and friendly type of tourism. Although there are some advantages to Commercial tourism such as more customers, more money and more overseas investment, these things can sometimes be a disadvantage to the native people. Overall I would choose ecotourism for the Napo region as this type of tourism fills the needs of the Quichua people. I would also choose this type of tourism for LEDCs similar to Ecuador.

Victoria Secrets

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Public Law Course Work Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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Company analysis needs to be on is HITACHI CONSTRUCTION MACHINERY Essay

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Detroit Economic Bailout Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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The economics of end stage renal disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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